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1、虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气.虚拟语气是英语语法中的难点。考生应主要掌握虚拟语气在下列情况下的用法： 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法；在宾语从句中的用法； 在状语从句中的用法；及主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中的用法；在一些特殊句型中的用法等。一、用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气。If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与过去事实相反had donewould have done与现在事实相反did/
2、werewould do与将来事实相反did/wereshould dowere to dowould do注意点： 1. 省略If 当条件状语从句的谓语含有were, had, should时，可以将它们放在句首，省略if。1. If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. =Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 2. If you were the manager here, what would you do? =_We
3、re you the manger here_, what would you do?_If it should rain _/_Should it rain_ tomorrow(如果明天下雪), we would put off our celebration._If you had attended_/_Had you attended_ the lecture(如果你听了讲座), you could have known the special customs.2. 错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句, 动词的形式要分别根据它
4、所表示的不同时间作相应的调整1）If he had followed the doctors advice，he would recover already如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）2）If I _were_ (be) you，I _wouldnt have missed_ (not miss) the film last night3) If the boy _hadnt saved_ (not save) this afternoon, his family _wouldnt be_ (not be) in peace now.4) I
5、f you worked (work) hard now, you _would get_ (get) a good job in the future.5) If he hadnt been caught (not catch) in the rain yesterday, he _wouldnt be_ (not be) ill now.二 虚拟语气用于某些从句中的情况：1）在主语从句中在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中，由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式should + 动词原形或是动词原形。 这类形容词/ 名词常见的有： impo
6、rtant（重要的）, necessary(必要的）, strange（奇怪的）, natural（自然的）, essential（绝对必要的）, urgent（紧急的）, advisable(明智的), regretful（遗憾的）,duty（义务、责任）, a pity（遗憾）, no wonder（难怪）, a regret（遗憾）：It is strange that he_say_ (say) so .It is a great pity that you_think_ (think) so. It is natural that a bird _rest_ (rest) in tr
7、ees. It is necessary that he _be sent_ (send) to Beijing right away. 另外，下列结构中主语从句的谓语动词也要求用虚拟语气： It is ordered that (根据命令、要求) , It is proposed that (人们建议) It is desired that (最好、需要) , It is requested that (人们要求)It is suggested that (有人建议) , It is recommended that (有人推荐)It is demanded that (根据要求) ,等。例
8、如：It is suggested that the English evening _be held_ (hold) on Saturday. 2)在宾语从句中一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should +v，或者将should省略。以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。(order, advice
9、, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire)He proposed that we _set_ (set) a deadline for the complement of the plan .They requested that we _send_ (send) a delegation to their country. I suggested that he _set_ (set) off for our headquarters straightaway .注意：当insist表示“坚持说”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用
10、虚拟语气。 The look on his face suggested that he _was_ (be) quite satisfied with what I had done for him. He insisted that he _was_ (be) honest. 3) 在表语从句和同位语从句中名词suggestion（建议）, proposal（提议）, order（命令）, recommendation（推荐），advice (建议) 等后面所接的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用(should) + 动词原形：My suggestion is that he _leav
11、e_ (leave) for London at once .What do you think of his proposal that we _put_ (put) on a play at the English evening? 4) 在状语从句中as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从句，如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 过去用had done, 现在用did/were, 将来用would doThey are talking as if they _had been_ (be) friends for years. The
12、teacher treats the students as if they _were_ (be) his own children.They are talking and talking as if they _wouldnt meet_ (not meet) again5) 在It is (high) time that sb did/were sth从句中 该是的时候了, It is time that we _got_ (get) ready for the final examination.It is high time that we _had_ (have) our lun
13、ch.6) 在If only/wish从句中 要是就好了、但愿 过去：had done 现在：did/were 将来：would doIf only he _would find_ (find) a satisfactory job after his graduation.If only I _were_ (be) a rich man now.If only he _had come_ (come) this morning.7) would rather that “宁愿” 过去：had done 现在/将来：did/wereI would rather you _paid_ (pay)
14、 me now.I would rather you _had gone_ (go) yesterday.Dont come. I would rather you _came_ (come) tomorrow.一：动词填空1. If I were (be) you, I would go there with him.2. If I _had worked_ (work) hard in the school, I would be (be) a college student now.3. Had he followed (follow)your advice, he would have passed the examinations.4. If you should not come/came/were not to come (not come) here tomorrow, we _would cancel_ (cancel) the meeting.5. If mother had had (have) $10 yesterday, she _would have bough
