《《聚羧酸系高效减水剂合成》-公开DOC·毕业论文》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《聚羧酸系高效减水剂合成》-公开DOC·毕业论文（66页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、摘要 聚羧酸系减水剂是国内外公认的新型、绿色环保减水剂，具有掺量低、保 塑性强、坍落度损失低、水泥适应性广等优点，研究开发该类减水剂具有良好 的研究与应用前景，并且目前在我国的研究尚处于起步阶段。 本文主要以水解聚马来酸酐（PMA）为主链，以聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG)为 长支链，在催化剂的作用下，并加入一定量的溶剂 N-N-二甲基甲酰胺，通过酯 化反应合成出具有具有梳形结构的高性能减水剂，并对其性能进行了评价。本 文采用正交设计试验法，考察了酯化反应的酸醇摩尔比、反应温度、催化剂掺 量、溶剂掺入量等对聚羧酸系高效减水剂性能的影响。最终确定理想的反应条 件是：酸醇官能团摩尔比比为 15：1，酯化
2、温度为 85，催化剂掺入量为 4，溶剂掺入量为 30。同时采用单因素条件试验法，确定了三乙胺作为催 化剂的效果明显优于用 NaOH 做催化剂的。本文还设计一套完整有效的聚羧酸 减水剂的提纯方法：逐步降温沉降法和萃取工艺，使减水剂的综合性能大幅度 提高，进一步完善和提高了 PMA- MPEG 型聚羧酸系高效减水剂的制备工艺。 性能测试结果表明，聚羧酸系高效减水剂减水率可达30，掺入量为 03时，水泥净浆流动度达到235 mm，通过提纯后可达285mm；掺入该高效 减水剂0.3%的混凝土，120min坍落度经时损失仅为1.5cm；掺入该高效减水剂 0.43%的混凝土，28天混凝土抗压强度比空白实试
3、验高近20Mpa。此外，该高效 减水剂与水泥有良好的相容性。因此，通过优化合成工艺，制得的新型聚羧酸 系高效减水剂是性能优越的高效减水剂。 关键词：聚羧酸；高效减水剂；酯化；步降温沉降法；萃取；净浆流动度； 塌落度；强度 ABSTRACT Polycarboxylate-type water-reducing agents are reconized both home and abroad as the new and environment-friendly water reducers with a lot of characteristics such as low dosage,st
4、rong maintaining plastic,low slump loss and wide adaptability to cement. Researching and developing such water-reducing agent have good prospects for research and application, and current research in our country is still in its infancy. In this paper, together with the hydrolysis of maleic anhydride
5、 (PMA)- backbone, with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MPEG) for the long branched-chain, in the role of catalyst and solvent by adding a certain amount of NN- dimethyl-carbamoyl amines, were synthesized through esterification with comb- shaped structure with a high-performance water-reducing
6、agent, and its performance was evaluated. In this paper, orthogonal design test method was used to study the esterification of molar ratio of acid to alcohol, reaction temperature, catalyst content, the volume of solvent and so on ,affecting polycarboxylate superplasticizer performance. Ultimately d
7、etermined the ideal reaction conditions were: acid alcohol functional group molar ratio of 15:1 , esterification temperature of 85 , catalyst incorporation of 4%, mixed solvent of 30%. At the same time, the conditions of single-factor test to determine the triethylamine as a catalyst was better than
8、 the use of NaOH as catalyst. This article also designed a set of complete and effective purification methods of polycarboxylate superplasticizer: Settlement gradually cooling and crafts of extraction process, so that superplasticizers overall performance increased Significantly ,further improved an
9、d enhanced the PMA- MPEG-type polycarboxylate superplasticizer Preparation. Test results show that the water reducing rate of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer can be as high as 30The fluditity of cement can be as high as 235mm,but can be as high as 285mm after purification ,when the dosage of p
10、olycarboxylate-type superplasticizer is 0.3. The concrete with 0.3% superplasticizer, slump loss was only 1.5cm after 120min; the concrete with 0.4% superplasticizer, the 28-day compressive strength of concrete was more nearly 20Mpa than the blank test.Furthermore,the com -patibility of polycarboxyl
11、ate-type superplasticizer and different cements is very good.So throhgh optimizing the synthesis process ,the Obtained novel polycarboxylate-type high range water reducer is a sort of waterreducing admixture which has great properties Keywords: polycarboxylate；superplasticizer；esterification； Sedime
12、ntation step cooling； extraction；Paste fluidity； Slump； intensity 目 录 摘要绪论 Abstract 第 1 章 绪论 1 1.1 聚羧酸系高效减水剂概述 1 1.1.1 聚羧酸系高效减水剂的定义 1 1.1.2 聚羧酸系高效减水剂的分类 1 1.1.3 聚羧酸系减水剂的性能特点 2 1.1.4 聚羧酸系高效减水剂在工程中的应用 3 1.2 聚羧酸系高效减水剂的研究现状 7 1.2.1 研究背景7 1.2.2 国外聚羧酸系高效减水剂的研究及应用现状7 1.2.3 国内聚羧酸系高效减水剂的研究及应用现状9 1.2.4 聚羧酸系高效
13、减水剂的发展方向 10 1.3 本课题的提出及研究方案11 1.3.1 本课题的提出 11 1.3.2 本课题的研究方案12 第 2 章 聚羧酸系高效减水剂的分子设 计13 1.1 聚羧酸系高效减水剂作用机理13 2.1.1 分散作用机理13 2.1.2 抑制坍落度损失机理17 2.2 聚羧酸系高效减水剂结构与性能的关系19 2.3 聚羧酸系高效减水剂分子结构21 第 3 章 原材料与实验方 法25 3.1 实验原料25 3.1.1 制备减水剂原料的选择25 3.1.2 合成用助剂26 3.2 仪器设备26 3.3 聚羧酸系高效减水剂性能测试方法27 3.3.1 净浆流动度的测试方法27 3.3.2 混凝土塌落度的测试方法28 3.3.3 混凝土抗压强度测试方法28 3.4 合成方法的选择29 3.4.1 聚羧酸减水剂的合成方法29 3.4.2 本实验采用合成方法30 3.4.3 合成工艺流程31 3.5 实验设计32 3.5.1 聚羧酸系高效减水剂的合成条件选择32 3.5.2 采用正交实验酯化实验设计33 3.5.3 采用单因素酯化实验设计33 3.6 聚羧酸系高效减水剂复合提纯34 3.6.1 采用逐步降温沉降法初步提纯35 3.6.2 采用萃取法精细提纯35 第 4 章 聚酸酸系高效减
