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1、The 1930s Dos Passos John Steinbeck,The 1930S,I. Background,I. Background,Social Background the Great Depression in 1930s (Oct. 24, 1929),The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. It Started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 930s or e
2、arly 1940s. The depression originated in the U.S., starting with the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929 and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29,1929 (known as Black Tuesday). From there, it quickly spread to almost every country in the world.,the dim
3、 decade of 1930s replacing the glittering 1920s; the physical wasteland replacing the spiritual wasteland,Major Features of the 1930s Literature content: social involvement and concern about the society; technique: the revival of naturalism and realism in addition to the influence of modernism,The 1
4、930s was a great age of fiction:,John Dos Pass U.S.A. 美利坚 John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath 愤怒的葡萄 Henry Miller Tropic of Cancer 北回归线 Tropic of Capricon 南回归线 Richard Wright Uncle Toms Children 汤姆叔叔的孩子们 Margaret Mitchell Gone with the Wind 飘 Hervey Allen Anthony Adverse 风流世家,John OHara Appointment in
5、 Samara 在萨玛拉的会合 James T. Farrell ( a voluminous writer) Studs Lonigan trilogy 斯塔兹朗尼根 Young Lonigan 少年朗尼根 Judgement Day 审判日,Black Humor:,Black humor is a type of modern humor that is caused by anger. It often describes gruesome events, which are normally associated with pleasant occasions, thus produ
6、cing the congruous effect for humor. Black humor attacks on social morals through shocking language and offensive imagery. Black humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. In this meaningless world, according to Black humorists, mans fate is decided by incomprehensive p
7、owers. We cant do anything about it; therefore we may as well laugh. Writers often used the novel to ridicule society. Such novelists as Thomas Pynchon, John Barth, and Kurt Vonnegut, came to be known as black humorists, because of their darkly comic writings.,New Criticism,New Criticism is a moveme
8、nt in American literary criticiam from the 1930s to the 1960s, concentrating on the verbal complexities and ambiguities of short poems considered as self-sufficient objects without attention to their originsa or effects. The name comes from John Chrisons book The New Criticism.,Naturalism,In Literat
9、ure, the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19th-century scientific thought, following general the biological determinism of Darwins theory, or the economic determinism
10、of Karl Marx. Artistically, naturalistic writing are usually unpolished in language, lacking in academic skills and unwieldy in structure. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the individual, or beyond his control and that men are controlled
11、 and conditioned by heredity, instinct, chance and above all environment. Notable writers of naturalistic fiction were Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Sherwood Anderson and Theodore Dreiser.,The drama of the 1930s is rich and varied：,ONeill Mourning Becomes Electra 悲悼 Ah, Wilderness 啊！荒原 Clifford Odets
12、 Waiting for Lefty 等待老左 Awark a Sing 醒来高歌 Golden Boy 天之骄子 Maxwell Anderson Elizabeth the Queen 伊丽莎白女王 Valley Forge 山谷中前进 Winterest 冬景,Lillian Hellman The Childrens Hour 孩子们的时光 The Little Foxes 小狐狸 Thornton Wilder Our Town 我们的小镇,The 1930s was not very good for poetry：,T.S. Eliot Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三 B
13、urnt Norton 被烧的诺顿 Hart Crane The Bridge 桥 The Collected Poem 诗集,II. John Dos Passos 约翰多斯帕索斯(1896-1970),a leading naturalist of the Depression,Life,Birth and family background Born in Chicago, Illinois, the illegitimate son of a Wall Street lawyer; Education Toured Europe to learn classic art, archit
14、ecture and literature; Attended Harvard University from 1912-1916; In 1918, studied at the Sorbonne （巴黎大学）in Paris War experiences In 1917, went to France as a volunteer ambulance driver; During the WWII, worked as a journalist Since in his thirties became actively involved with a variety of left-wi
15、ng causes,Political Outlook,The first period: a radical revolutionary writing for the oppressed, being Communist-oriented The second period: a New Dealer (新政拥护者) In 1936, he dismissed communism, but the attack on capitalism remained vehement. The third period: a complete conservative in the 1950s sh
16、owing admiration for business, and supporting America involvement in the Vietnam War,Major Works,(42 novels as well as poems, plays and essays) Three Soldiers (1921) 三个士兵 Manhattan Transfer (1925) 曼哈顿中转站 U.S.A. (1938) 美国 The 42nd Parallel (1930) 北纬四十二度 Nineteen Nineteen (1932) 一九一九 The Big Money (1936) 赚大
