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1、BritainPrehistorytoRenaissance TheBogbodies Druids Anglo Saxons RomansandNormans TheBeakers2500BCE WhileChinaandEgyptwereformingtheWorld sfirstcity statestheBeakerpeoplearrivedontheBritishIslesfromWesternEurope BeakerisanothernameforajarorbottleBeakertechnologyledtothemeltingoforetocreatebronze bron
2、zeage Nowrittenlanguage TheBogPeople Bodiespreservedintheearth bogs tellusaboutpre historicBritain Earliestonefounddatesto5500BCEManybogbodiesshowsignsofbeingbrutallykilled OnewellpreservedBogbody StoneCircles Stonehenge Startedbeingbuiltaround1500BCEStandsontheSalisburyPlaintwomiles threekilometers
3、 westofthetownofAmesbury Wiltshire inSouthernEnglandConsistsofaseriesofearth timber andstonestructuresthatwererevisedandre modeledoveraperiodofmorethan1400years PossibleusesofStonehenge Ritualfunctions sacrificestogods publicviewingarea religiousperformanceAstronomicalfunctions couldbeusedtotellcert
4、ainseasonalchanges eclipsesorotherastronomicalobservationsThesetwofunctionswereprobablyputtogetherandusedbypriestsasasourceofpower Over1000stonecirclesinBritain MostarenotaswellpreservedasStonehenge Sowhobuiltthestonecircles BuildingofcircleslastedthousandsofyearsNotjustonegroupbuiltallthecirclesThe
5、variedstylesofcirclestestifytothefactthatmanydifferentculturesbuiltthecircles DRUIDS AdruidwasamemberofthepriestlyandlearnedclassintheancientCelticsocietiesofBritainDruidscombinedthedutiesofpriest judge scholar andteacherReverenceforaspectsofthenaturalworld suchastheland seaandskyRonaldHuttonpointso
6、ut wecanknowvirtuallynothingofcertaintyabouttheancientDruids sothat althoughtheycertainlyexisted theyfunctionmoreorlessaslegendaryfigures DruidscelebratingthesummersolsticeatStonehenge Celts WecansayCelts Britons weretheearliest civilisation inBritainThecultureoriginatedinEasternEurope2000BCE starte
7、drunningoutoftinandbronzeandmovedwestwardeventuallysettlinginGreatBritainaround700BCE TheCelts DistributionofCelticPeople Celtlifestyle HuntersandfarmersDrainedmarshlandtocreatelandforfarmingKnowninhistoryfortheirwarriorprowessandtheirabilitytofrightentheenemythroughshrieksandwailsLittlewrittenhisto
8、ryabouttheCeltsWrittenhistorybeginsin55BCEwhentheRomansarrivedinBritain TheRomans CeltsandRomans CeltshadtradegoingwithRomewhoruledFrance55BCEJuliusCaesarwenttoBritainwithanexpeditionbutdidnotstay HewasbeatenbacktwicebytheCeltickingCunobelinusTheRomanoccupationofBritainbeganin42ADRomanEmperorClaudiu
9、swith40 000troopswaseasilyabletobeatCaratacus aCelticking CeltsandRomans RomansdrovemanyoftheCeltstothemountainousareasofScotlandandWalesRomansmodernizedmuchofwhatisnowEngland builttowns theatres buildings roads irrigation sanitation Broughteducation medicine wine anorganizedsystemofgovernment andsi
10、lkandcottonfromAsia Celtresistance ThoughtheRomanswereneverseriouslythreatenedbytheCelts therewerealwaysfightsbetweenthetwoBoudicca60AD famouswomanCeltgeneralwholeduprisingagainsttheRomans Lost80 000soldiers Boudicca Boudicca sinspiration BoudiccawasaqueeninEastAngliaandherhusband thekingruledunderR
11、omanauthority WhenherhusbanddiedtheRomanstookoverthekingdomTheRomansbeatBoudiccaandrapedherdaughtersFormedarmyandmarchedunsuccessfullytoLondon Anglo Saxons Anglo Saxons 410ADRomanshadtodefendtheirEmpirefromGermanictribessotheyhadtomovetroopstootherpartsoftheempireAfterRomanslefttheCeltswerepreyforPi
12、ctsandScotsbutnotforlongCeltsformedalliancewiththeAngles SaxonsandJutes Anglo Saxons AfterthistimetheAngloSaxonConquesttookplaceinBritainforover100years ThiswasthestartofwhatwecallTheDarkAges Anglo Saxons CeltssettledinScotland IrelandandWaleswhileAnglo SaxonsstayedinEngland Anglo Saxonsformedthesma
13、llkingdomsofKent Essex Sussex EastAnglia Mercia andNorthumbria KingdomsoftenfoughtwitheachotheruntilWessextookoverinthe9thcentury Anglo Saxonlanguagepoint Tuesday Tiu Godofwar Wednesday Woden Kingofheaven Thursday Thor Godofstorms Friday Freya Goddessofpeace StAugustine SaintAugustine 597PopeGregory
14、I Gregoriancalendar sentSaintAugustinetoconvertheathensintoChristians SaintColumbawasAugustine sMissionarytotheBritishIsles ChristianityandtheoneGodhelpedBritainformthemonarchywiththeKingasfigured ThisbegantheheydayofthepowerfulBritishKings HouseofWessex HouseofWessexruledfrom829 1066withabrieflosso
15、fcrowntothehouseofDenmark HouseofDenmarkruledfrom1013 1042 AlfredtheGreat AlfredofWessex871 899 Knowas AlfredtheGreat andthe FatheroftheBritishNavy forhisbattlesagainsttheDanesAfterafewlostbattlesAlfredwasabletoregroupanddefeattheDanesatthebattleofWedmore878 InatradeforpeaceAlfredofferedtheDanespart
16、sofNorthernandEasternEngland BecameknownasDanelaw Alfred sothercontributionstoEngland promotededucationandbecameawriter HelpedspreadChristianity TheVikings Danishtakeover AfterAlfreddiedin901thesucceedingkingsreconqueredDanelawandtroublebrokeout988EthelredtheUnreadypaidtheDanes Viking invaderstogoawaybutinsteadofleavingtheytookthemoney becamestronger1016aDanishking SweynForkbeardbecamethekingofEnglandThesecondDanishkingwasCanute Canutecommandingthesea TheNormans TheNormansbroughtanendtothedarkag
