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1、摘要自2000年中国正式进入老龄化社会以来，人口快速老龄化形势日益严峻。截止2015年底，中国60岁以上老年人口达到2.22亿人，占总人口比重16.1%，其中高龄老人超过2400万人，失能老人超过4000万人，空巢老人突破1亿人，城镇老年人口平均养老退休金年收入仅27060元，农村人均纯收入仅10772元，庞大的老年人口数量及高龄化、失能化、空巢化、低收入、社会总抚养比上升、劳动年龄人口下降等问题相互交织在一起，对国民经济产业结构升级和公共养老服务事业供给效率形成强大的倒逼压力。当前，中国养老服务体系初步形成，但是养老服务事业供给效率低，现代养老服务产业发展落后，呈现出未富先老、未备先老的阶段
2、性特征，存在资源分散和利用率低的突出问题。因此，在社会总投入有限的条件下，只有通过资源整合提高用于发展养老服务业的各类资源利用率，才能加快现代养老服务业发展，进而使养老服务业成为中国新一轮调结构、惠民生、促升级的重要力量。由于中国养老服务产业是在养老服务事业领域引入市场机制进行社会化、产业化改革而发展起来的，所以，中国的养老服务业资源整合应该包括事业和产业两个领域。在养老服务事业领域的资源整合，本文设计了一种“养老服务事业片区化发展模型”：即在县（市）的统一规划下，根据各个乡镇（街道）的比较优势发展面向一个片区的养老服务事业项目，形成片区内优势互补、片区间相互合作的跨乡镇（街道）行政区划的片区
3、养老服务事业发展格局。在养老服务产业领域的资源整合，本文则设计了一种“养老服务产业集群化发展模型”：即在发展养老服务事业的片区内，整合政策、信息、技术、人才、土地、资本金等资源培育良好的区域市场环境，推动各类养老服务机构进行企业化改革，扶持一批养老服务中小企业和龙头企业，形成产业链基本完整、服务整个片区的产业集群。未来经济是服务经济，也是老龄经济。只有整合来自于政府、企业、第三部门的各类用于发展现代养老服务业的资源，走中国养老服务事业片区化发展和养老服务产业集群化发展道路，才能真正释放人口快速老龄化蕴藏的巨大红利，托起中国的“夕阳红”，托起中国经济的明天。关键词：资源整合；养老服务业；片区化；
4、产业集群AbstractSince 2000, China formally entered the aging society since the rapidly aging population increasingly serious situation. By the end of 2015, Chinas elderly population over 60 years to reach 222 million people, 16.1% share of the total population, of which more than 24 million people in th
5、e oldest old, more than 4,000 disabled elderly people, empty nesters than 100 million people, the urban elderly population average retirement pension income is only 27,060 yuan, rural per capita net income was only 10,772 yuan, a huge elderly population and aging, loss of energy, empty nest of low-i
6、ncome, total social dependency ratio rises, the working-age population decline and other issues of mutual intertwined, upgrade the industrial structure of the national economy and public service pension business to create a strong supply efficiency Forced pressure.At present, the Chinese pension ser
7、vices system, but the cause of low pension services supply efficiency, modern service industry development has lagged behind the pension, showing old before getting rich, not prepared to stage the old features, dispersion and low utilization of resources outstanding issues . Thus, the total investme
8、nt in the social conditions of limited only by improving resource utilization through resource integration of various services for the development of the pension in order to accelerate the development of modern service industry pension, thereby enabling pension services become Chinas new round of st
9、ructural adjustment, an important force in improving peoples livelihood, promote upgrading. Since the Chinese pension service industry is the introduction of market mechanisms of the community, industry-oriented reforms in the pension field services business and developed, so that Chinas pension ser
10、vices integration of resources should include two areas of business and industry.Integration of resources in the field of pension service business, we design a kind of retirement services business area development model: that is, in the next county (city) unified planning, according to the township
11、(street) comparative advantage for the development of an Area of pension services utility projects, forming sheet region complementary advantages, mutual cooperation across the sheet interval township (street) administrative division of pension service area development pattern. Integration of resour
12、ces in the pension service industries, the paper is designed a pension service industry cluster development model: that in the development of pension service business chip area, the integration of policies, information, technology, personnel, land, capital and other resources foster good regional ma
13、rket environment, and promote all types of pension service institutions enterprise reform, supporting a number of pension services for SMEs and leading enterprises to create a complete industrial chain of basic services throughout the area of industrial clusters.Future economy is a service economy,
14、but also the aging economy. Only the integration of all types from the endowment for the development of modern service industry resources to government, business, the third sector, with Chinese pension services business area development and cluster development path pension services industry, in orde
15、r to truly release rapidly aging population hidden huge bonuses, hold Chinas sunset red, hold up Chinas economic future.Keywords：resource integration；pension services；Area of；industrial clusters目录摘要1Abstract21 社区型居家养老模式是中国养老历史与现实的选择51.1以孝文化为核心的传统家庭养老伦理51.2 2011年-2015年家庭可支配收入的变化71.3 计划生育政策下的家庭小型化及养老功
16、能弱化81.4 迅速膨胀的半失能、失能老人群体与空巢老人群体111.5 社区支持型居家养老模式的优越性112 宏观视角下的中国养老服务业发展情况概述132.1 老龄产业与养老服务业的定义132.2 积极应对人口老龄化162.3 中国养老服务业发展中的突出问题及表现173 资源整合是发展现代养老服务业的最优路径243.1 作为一般性产业所遵循的经济学假设243.2 作为一种公共事业所具有的公共物品特征263.3 养老服务业中各部门资源的分散性和低效率273.4 资源整合的理论渊源294 基于资源整合的现代养老服务业发展模型314.1 养老服务事业片区化发展模型314.2 养老服务产业集群化发展模型345 结论3639在资源整合视角下的养老服务产业研究截止2015年底，中国养老服务业在不断适应人口老龄化进程和经济社会发展水平的过程中，初步建立了以居家为基础
