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1、语法系列训练 名词性从句 在复合句中的句法功能与名词相同 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 NounClauses 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语 介词宾语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 名词性从句一律用陈述句语序 引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类 连接词 that whether if 不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which 连接副词 when where how why 从属连词t
2、hat在名词性从句中 不担任任何成分 没有词义 有时可以省略 由that引导的主语从句时 that不能省略 Thatweshallbelateiscertain 2 isknowntoall 地球是圆的 3 isapity 你错过了这次机会 that无意义 后接一个完整的句子 Thattheearthisround Thatyoumissedthechance whether与if均为 是否 的意思 但在下列情况下 whether不能被if所取代 1 whether引导主语从句 包括从句在句首的位置 应当用whether 不用if 如 Whetheritistrueremainsaproble
3、m Whetherhewillcome Iamnotsure whether与if均为 是否 的意思 但在下列情况下 whether不能被if所取代 4 whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用 而if则不能 如 Ididn tknowwhethertolaughortocry Shehasn tdecidedwhethertogoornot 5 引导同位语从句用whether 不用if 如 Thequestionwhetherhe llattendthemeetingisessential 连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which 在名词性
4、从句中都担任成分 都有词义 都不能省略 连接代词what常可在主 宾 表语从句中担任主 宾 表 引导名词性从句的that和what That引导名词性从句时在句中无词义 只起连接作用 引导宾语从句时that可省略 引导主语从句时常用形式主语it代替主语从句 what引导名词性从句时 不但起连接作用 而且有具体意义 意为thethingsthat which 所 的人或物 简言之 从句中如果主语或宾语都不缺少时 连接词用that 否则用what Thefactisthatwearefarbehindthedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnology Thevi
5、llageisnolongerwhatitusedtobetenyearsago 1 陈述句分句 由无实际意义的that引导 that常可省略 Wedonotagree that thecomputerhelpsusalot 2 一般疑问句分句 由whether或if引导 Ican ttellwhether ifhe scomingornot 主语从句 Whowilltakechargeofthetaskhasnotbeendecided Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn tmattermuch Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown
6、 Thatmoneydoesn tgrowontreesshouldbeobvious a It be 形容词 that 从句Itisnecessarythat 有必要 Itisimportantthat 重要的是 Itisobviousthat 很明显 用it作形式主语的that 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末 用it充当形式主语 b It be ed分词 that 从句Itisbelievedthat 人们相信 Itisknowntoallthat 从所周知 Ithasbeendecidedthat 已决定 用it作形式主语的that 从句有以下四种不
7、同的搭配关系 c It be 名词 that 从句Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识Itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 Itisafactthat 事实是 用it作形式主语的that 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系 用it作形式主语的that 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系 d It 不及物动词 that 分句Itappearsthat 似乎 Ithappensthat 碰巧 Itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 练习 用it充当形式主语 Thatweshallbelateiscertain 1 Thattheearthisroundisknownto
8、all 2 Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity It sknowntoallthattheearthisround Thatyoumissedthechance It scertainthatweshallbelate 注意 Itissaidthat Itisbelievedthat 等句型是固定用法 其中的主语从句不可以放在句首 同位语从句 在句中作同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句 它用以进一步说明与它同位的名词所表示的具体内容 常可带同位语从句的名词有 advice belief doubt dream hope idea knowledge message news
9、 order possibility promise problem question suggestion thought truth view wish word等 同位语从句的连词一般有that和whether 在某些连词后面有时亦可用连接副词how when where why等 1 Thenewsthathediedwasagreatshocktohismother 2 Iaskedmyselfthequestionwhethertheresearchisworththetrouble 3 Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim 4 Thefactthathe
10、wontheprizemadeushappy 同位语和定语从句定语从句的区别 1 同位语从句进一步说明前面名词的具体内容 定语从句则对其先行词起修饰 限制的作用 起句法功能相当于一个形容词 2 引导同位语从句时没有词义 也不在从句中担任成分 但不能省略 而引导定语从句时则代表先行词的词义 在从句中必须担任成分 作宾语时常可省略 试比较 Miketoldmehisideathatwehadbettergototheteacherforhelp Theidea that Miketoldmejustnowisverygood 同位语从句 定语从句 他们问我到哪里去寻找所需要的书 我不知道这工作是否
11、值得做 Theyaskedmethequestionwheretheycanfindthebooksneeded Ihavenoideawhethertheworkisworthdoing 表语从句 1 Thefactisthatcomputersareofgreataidtothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology 2 WhatIreallywanttoknowiswhetheryouwillmarryher 3 Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike 4 Thatisjustwheretheyarem
12、istaken 5 Theproblemiswhowilltakecareofthesechildren why because that1 Hewasillyesterday That swhyhedidn tattendthemeeting 2 Hedidn tattendthemeeting that sbecausehewasillyesterday 3 Thereasonwhyhedidn tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill 1 Itnowappears theyareinneedofhelp A thatB whichC whatD how2 Itis
13、goodnews theywillarriveinafewdays A whichB whatC thatD how3 It Joedrivesbadly A thoughtthatB thinksthatC isthoughtthatD isthoughtthat 4 It heislateforclass A maythatB mightthatC maybethatD mightbewhat5 Thisis shewasborn A whereB whichC thatD what6 Thequestionis wecan tgotheretoday A thatB whatC whic
14、hD when 7 Thequestionis itisworthdoing A ifB whetherC whichD what8 Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis hehasneverwastedhistime A becauseB whyC thatD what9 Mysuggestionis weshouldturnthelandintoricefields A whatB thatC whichD where 10 Hisproposalisthatthedam atthefootofthemountain A buildB willbuil
15、dC bebuiltD willbebuilt11 Myadviceisthathe regularhouse A keepB wouldkeepC keepsD kept12 knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit A WhothatB WhoeverC WhomthatD Thatwho 13 Weallknowthetruth theearthgoesroundthesun A thatB whichC whatD whether14 Weheardthenews ourteamhadwon A whichB thatC whatD where15 Theproblem itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided A whichB thatC whetherD if 16 Youmustdowell theteacherasksyoutodo A whichB whatC thatD where Good bye
