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1、专题五介词和介词短语高考试题考点一 介词词义辨析1.It was a real race time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.(2013新课标全国,34)A.overB.byC.forD.against剖析:D考查介词辨析。句意:这真是一项需要争分夺秒才能完成的项目。幸运的是,我们做到了。against表示“反对,逆”,against time争分夺秒,符合句意。2.A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.(2013新课标全国,11)
2、A.againstB.beforeC.beyondD.without剖析:D考查介词辨析。句意:没有一些数学知识,不可能有认真的物理研究。against反对,靠着;before在之前;beyond超出;without没有。根据句意应选D项。3.The Smiths are praised the way they bring up their children.(2013山东,34)A.fromB.byC.atD.for剖析:D考查介词用法。句意:史密斯夫妇因其教养孩子的方式而受到赞扬。be praised for.是固定搭配,意为“因而受到赞扬”。4.Before you pay a vis
3、it to a place of interest,look in your local library a book about it.(2013安徽,22)A.onB.atC.forD.to剖析:C考查介词和动词的搭配。句意:在你到某一旅游胜地参观之前,先在你当地的图书馆找一本与它有关的书看看。本题考查的是look for 短语,因为in your local library这一地点状语插入其中,从而增加了试题的难度。实际上,本句是由look for a book about it in your local library演变而来的。故选C。5.I have an appointment
4、 Dr.Smith,but I need to change it.(2013北京,26)A.toB.offC.withD.from剖析:C考查介词用法。句意:我与史密斯博士有约,但是我需要改变一下。此处have an appointment with sb.表示“和某人有约”。故选C项。6. all the animals Ive ever had,these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.(2012浙江,6)A.FromB.OfC.ForD.With剖析:B考查介词。根据语境“在我所养的动物中”,几个介词只有of可以表
5、示“的之中”“属于范围”,故选B。7.The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake.(2012辽宁,27)A.toB.forC.offD.out剖析:C句意:The Well Hotel坐落在一个安静的地方,远离在湖的尽头的大路。off 离开,远离,符合题意,故选C项。8.Nothing is so easy as parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.(2012福建,33)A.ofB.toC.
6、byD.for剖析:D“.for sb.to do sth.”即“对某人来说做某事是的”。句意:没有什么比父母抬高对子女的期望更容易的了。这句话其实在表达“父母极容易把对儿女的期望抬得过高(以至于儿女们倍感压力)。”【技巧点拨】 句中使用“so easy as.”结构及nothing这个否定代词,传达的其实是最高级的含义,即as后的那件事最“easy”了。英语的思维与中文不同,此处可见一斑。9.Do you think this shirt is too tight the shoulders?(2012北京,34)A.atB.onC.toD.across剖析:D考查介词。句意:你认为这件衬衫
7、肩太紧吗?across the shoulders在肩部(从一肩到另一肩)。10.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are it.(2012陕西,11)A.againstB.forC.toD.with剖析:A考查介词辨析。句意:达成一致意见似乎不可能,因为委员会大部分成员都反对。be against反对;be for支持。11.Im sorry I didnt phone you,but Ive been very busy the past couple of w
8、eeks.(2011山东,30)A.beyondB.withC.amongD.over剖析:D考查介词。句意:很抱歉我没有给你打电话,但是近几个星期以来,我一直很忙。over表示“在期间”,其他三个介词无此含义。12.I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained .(2011浙江,5)A.onB.forC.byD.of剖析:B句意:我一直想要做我为之受训过的工作。for表示“为了目的”。13.Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek food safety problems.(2011安徽
9、,25)A.inB.toC.onD.after剖析:B考查介词。句意:有时候,找到合适的解决食品安全问题的办法并不难。根据句意,此处考查固定搭配answer to.“的答案,的解决办法”。该句相当于Sometimes proper answers to food safety problems are not far to seek.14.My father warned me going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.(2010天津,13)A.byB.onC.forD.against剖析:Dwarn sb.aga
10、inst sth./doing sth.意为“告诫某人不要做某事”,还可用warn sb.not to do来表达;而warn sb.of (doing) sth./to do sth.意为“告诫某人某事/告诫某人去做某事”。根据句意及后面的going可知答案为D。15.How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!Its a challenge,I guess, man against nature.(2009福建,23)A.ofB.forC.byD.about剖析:A句意:宇航员在探索外太空,这太令人惊奇了!我想这是
11、人类对大自然的挑战。根据句意可知此处of表示从属关系,意为“属于/用于的”,I guess为插入语。考点二 介词短语辨析1.An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered a long lost antique Greek vase.(2013湖北,30)A.at randomB.by chanceC.in turnD.on occasion剖析:B考查介词短语辨析。句意:最近,一位艺术家坐船到南方的岛屿,偶然发现了一个遗失很久的古希腊花瓶。根据句意可知应选B,表示“偶然”。at
12、 random任意地,随便地;in turn轮流,依次;on occasion有时,偶尔。2.The manager wants to see changes in the company,and I am sure he will .(2013陕西,24)A.in particularB.in turnC.in chargeD.in time剖析:D考查介词短语辨析。句意:经理想看到公司的变化,我确信他迟早会看到的。in time“迟早”,符合句意。in particular意为“特别”,in turn意为“依次,轮流”,in charge意为“负责,掌管”,均与句意不符。3.Mrs.Smi
13、th finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always whenever she tries to.(2013福建,29)A.in the wayB.on watchC.in sightD.on the line剖析:A考查介词短语辨析。句意:史密斯太太发现她很难收拾这一片狼藉,因为每当她试图收拾时,她的孩子们总是妨碍她。in the way表示“挡道,妨碍”;on watch表示“值班;监视”;in sight表示“看得见”;on the line表示“处于危险中”。由题干中的关键信息hard可知此处填in the w
14、ay“挡道,妨碍”。4. everyone here,I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.(2013辽宁,25)A.By means of B.On behalf ofC.In search ofD.For fear of剖析:B考查介词短语。句意:我代表在场的所有人祝您归国旅途愉快。根据句意可知选B,on behalf of“代表”。by means of借助手段,in search of寻找,for fear of唯恐,恐怕。5.It will be a big help if you go to the store and
15、 get what we need for dinner.,Ill set the table.(2013浙江,14)A.As a resultB.On the wholeC.In the meanwhileD.As a matter of fact剖析:C本题考查介词短语意义辨析。题干的意思是:“如果你到商店并且把我们晚饭所需要的东西买来,这就算帮大忙了;在此期间,我将把餐桌摆好。”as a result结果,因此;on the whole从整体而言;in the meanwhile在此期间,与此同时;as a matter of fact事实上。由题干意思可知正确选项为C项。6.I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. the party on July 1st,I shall be pleased to attend.(20
