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1、PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcare
2、fullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Tounderstandwhyweshouldbeconcernedabouthowyoungpeopleread,ithelpstoknowsomethingaboutthewaythe
3、abilitytoreadevolved.Unliketheabilitytounderstandandproducespokenlanguage,theabilitytoreadmustbepainstakingly36byeachindividual.The“readingcircuits”weconstructinthebraincanbe37ortheycanberobust,dependingonhowoftenandhow38weusethem.Thedeepreaderentersastateofhypnotictrance(心醉神迷的状态).Whenreadersareenjo
4、yingtheexperiencethemost,thepaceoftheirreading39slows.Thecombinationoffast,fluentdecodingofwordsandslow,unhurriedprogressonthepagegivesdeepreaderstimetoenrichtheirreadingwithreflectionandanalysis.Itgivesthemtimetoestablishan40relationshipwiththeauthor,thetwoofthem41inalongandwarmconversationlikepeop
5、lefallinginlove.Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeopleknowit.Theirreadingisinstrumental:thedifferencebetweenwhatliterarycriticFrankKermodecalls“carnal(肉体的)reading”and“spiritualreading.”Ifweallowouroffspringtobelievecarnalreadingisallthereisifwedontopenthedoortospiritualreading,throughanearly42ondisciplin
6、eandpracticewewillhave43themofanenjoyableexperiencetheywouldnototherwiseencounter.Observingyoungpeoples44todigitaldevices,someprogressiveeducatorstalkabout“meetingkidswheretheyare,”moldinginstructionaroundtheironscreenhabits.Thisismistaken.Weneed,45,toshowthemsomeplacetheyveneverbeen,aplaceonlydeepr
7、eadingcantakethem.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)acquired B)actuall J)notwithstandingC)attachmentK)petitionD)cheatedL)ratherE)engagedM)scarcelyF)feebleN)swayedG)illicitO)vigorouslyH)insistence I)intimateSectionBIntotheUnknownTheworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.Canitcope?AUntiltheearly1990snobodymuchthou
8、ghtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.BForthenexttenye
9、arsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.CSincethenthedebatehasbe
10、comelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefutureofpe
11、nsionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage. DWhetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaf
12、fordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.ETheoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(财政的)meltdown,publicpensionsandhealth-carepr
13、ovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARPsheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.FYoungerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetowor
