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1、学 海 无 涯 UNIT 1 They say that pride comes before a fall In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible that nothing could stand in their way Russia s icy defender was to prove them wrong 人道是骄兵必败 就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧 他们所向披靡 便以为自己战无不胜 不可
2、阻挡 但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了 The Icy Defender Nila B Smith 1 In 1812 Napoleon Bonaparte Emperor of the French led his Grand Army into Russia He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow the capital cit
3、y But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow the raw bitter bleak Russian winter 冰雪卫士 奈拉 B 史密斯 1812年 法国皇帝拿破仑 波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯 他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而 奋勇抵抗 他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科 但他没有 料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌 俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬 2 In 1941 Adolf Hitler leader of Nazi Germany launched an attack ag
4、ainst the Soviet Union as Russia then was called Hitler s military might was unequaled His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe Hitler expected a short campaign but like Napoleon before him was taught a painful lesson The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers
5、 1941年 纳粹德国元首阿道夫 希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯 希特勒的军事实力堪 称无敌 他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗 希特勒希望速战速决 但是 就像 在他之前的拿破仑一样 他得到的是痛苦的教训 仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之 力 Napoleon s Campaign 3 In the spring of 1812 Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia The soldiers were well trained efficient and wel
6、l equipped This military force was called the Grand Army Napoleon confident of a quick victory predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks 拿破仑发起的战役 1812年春 拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万 这些士兵受过良好训练 作战力强 装备精良 这 支军队被称为大军 拿破仑对马到成功充满自信 预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国 4 Shortly afterwards Napoleon s army crossed the Neman River into Rus
7、sia The quick decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened To his surprise the Russians refused to stand and fight Instead they retreated eastward burning their crops and homes as they went The Grand Army followed but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow moving supply lines 不久
8、 拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国 拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生 令他吃 惊的是 俄国人并不奋起抵抗 相反 他们一路东撤 沿途焚毁庄稼和民居 大军紧追不舍 学 海 无 涯 但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来 5 In August the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side Yet the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian terr
9、itory Napoleon had won no decisive victory He was now faced with a crucial decision Should he continue to pursue the Russian army Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter 到了8月 法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战 这一战役中 双方各有上万人阵亡 可是 俄国人仍能在自己 的国土上继续后撤 拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利 此刻他面临着一个重要抉择 是继续追 击俄国军队 还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱
10、斯克 在那儿度过将到的冬天 6 Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow 448 kilometers away On September 7 1812 the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino 112 kilometers west of Moscow By nightfall thirty thousand French and forty four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battl
11、efield 拿破仑孤注一掷 决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发 1812年9月7日 法俄两军在莫斯 科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战 夜幕降临时 3万名法国士兵以及4 4万名俄国士兵或伤 或亡 倒在了战场上 7 Again the Russian army retreated to safety Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow but the occupation of the city became an empty victory The Russians fled their capital Soon after the French arri
12、ved a raging fire destroyed two thirds of the city Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us 俄国军队再次撤往安全之处 拿破仑顺利进入莫斯科 然而 对该市的占领成为毫无意义的 胜利 俄国人弃城而走 法国人进城不久 一场熊熊大火烧毁了整个城市的三分之二 拿破 仑向亚历山大一世提出停战 但沙皇深知他可以等待时机
13、 且让俄罗斯的严冬为我们战斗 吧 8 Napoleon soon realized he could not feed clothe and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter In October 1812 he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow 拿破仑很快意识到 他无法在冬天向远在莫斯科的军队供应粮草 提供御寒衣物和宿营之地 1812年10月 他命令大军撤出莫斯科 9 The French retreat turned into a nightmare From fields a
14、nd forests the Russians launched hit and run attacks on the French A short distance from Moscow the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius On November 3 the winter s first snow came Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks Cannon became stuck in the snow Equipment had to be bur
15、ned for fuel Soldiers took ill and froze to death The French soldiers dragged on leaving the dead along every mile 法军的撤离成为一场噩梦 俄国人出没于田野与森林 采用打了就跑的战术 向法国人发起 攻击 刚出莫斯科城 气温就降到摄氏零下4度 11月3日降下初雪 困乏的马匹倒地而死 大炮陷入雪中 装备只得被用作燃料焚烧 士兵们染病冻死 法国士兵拖着脚步行进 一路 上留下无数死尸 10 As the Russian army was gathering its strength the
16、 French had to flee Russia 学 海 无 涯 to avoid certain defeat At the Berezina River the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river But Napoleon by a stroke of luck was able to build two new bridges Thousands of French soldiers escaped but at the cost of fifty thousand dead Once across the Berezina the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna 正当俄罗斯军队集聚兵力之时 法国人却不得不逃离俄国 以避免注定的失败 在别列兹那 河 俄国人焚烧了涨水的河道上的桥梁 差点将后撤的法军困于河边 侥幸的是 拿破仑居 然突击造起两座桥 成千上万法国士兵得以逃脱 但却损失了5万人
