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1、 新托福专业备考社区新托福专业备考社区 2001年年1月第三篇月第三篇 Questions 18 28 Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland the region that supplies g
2、oods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods Geographers often make 5 a distinction between the situation and the site of a city Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific
3、location Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city if a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland its development is much more likely to continue Chicago for example possesses an almost 10 unparalleled situation it is located at the southern end of a hu
4、ge lake that forces east west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes It also overlooks what is one of the world s finest large farming regions These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of t
5、he disadvantageous characteristics of the available site such as being prone to flooding 15 during thunderstorm activity Similarly it can be argued that much of New York City s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation Philadephia and Boston both originated at about the s
6、ame time as New York and shared New York s location at the western end of one of the world s most important oceanic trade routes but only New York possesses an 20 easy access functional connection the Hudson Mohawk lowland to the vast Midwestern hinterland This account does not alone explain New Yor
7、k s primacy but it does include several important factors Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable Of course such characteristic as slope drainage power 25 resources river c
8、rossings coastal shapes and other physical characteristics help to determine city location but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later Comment 1 有些城 市职能直接来源于市 民们的创造 但大多 数的城市职能来源于 该地区内部和内地贸 易区的需求 此处所 说内地贸易区是指给 城市供应日杂商品的 周边腹地还有城市为 其提供服务以及除了 日杂之外的其他商品 的
9、内地贸易区 新托福专业备考社区新托福专业备考社区 题目解析 题目解析 18 What does the passage mainly discuss A The development of trade routes through United States cities B Contrasts in settlement patterns in United States C Historical differences among three large United States cities D The importance of geographical situation in
10、the growth of United States cities 解析 本文通过列举不同城市发展的例子 来说明地理位置对城市发展的影响 正确选 项为 D 19 The word ingenuity in line 2 is closest in meaning to A wealth B resourcefulness C traditions D organization 解析 wealth 财富 resourcefulness 足智多谋 traditions 传统 惯例 organization 组织 团体 机构 ingenuity 智巧 精巧的设计 正确选项为 B 20 The pa
11、ssage suggests that a geographer would consider a city s soil type part of its A hinterland B situation C site D function 解析 文中第 5 行至第 7 行 Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location soil type属
12、 于其中 正确选项为 C 21 According to the passage a city s situation is more important than its site in regard to the city s A long term growth and prosperity B ability to protect its citizenry C possession of favorable weather conditions 新托福专业备考社区新托福专业备考社区 D need to import food supplies 解析 文中第 7 行至第 9 行 Sit
13、uation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city if a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland its development is much more likely to continue 意思是说位置对一个城市的延续繁荣说来是重要的 如果一个城市坐落在一 个好位置上 它的发展很可能会延续 因此正确选项为 A 22 The author mentions each of the following as an advanta
14、ge of Chicago s location EXCEPT its A hinterland B nearness to a large lake C position in regard to transport routes D flat terrain 解析 文中第 13 行至第 14 行 It also overlooks what is one of the world s finest large farming regions 对应选项 A 第 10 行至第 12 行 it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that
15、forces east west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes 对应选项 B C 因此正确选项为 D 23 The word characteristics in line 14 is closest in meaning to A choices B attitudes C qualities D inhabitants 解析 choices 选择 attitudes 态度 quali
16、ties 特质 品质 inhabitants 居民 characteristics 特性 特色 正确选项为 C 24 The primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to A summarize past research and introduce anew study B describe a historical period C emphasize the advantages of one theory over another D define a term and illustrate it with an example 解析 第一段的第 1 行至第 9 行从理论上阐述 后面接着用 Chicago 作为例子进行详解 正确选项为 D 新托福专业备考社区新托福专业备考社区 25 According to the passage Philadelphia and Boston are similar to New York City in A size of population B age C site D availability of rai
