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1、定语从句中的十种常见错误 6 条搞定定语从句和非 限制性定语从句 二 2015 05 19 奇速英语 定语从句中的十种常见错误 一 省去作主语的关系代词致错 误 The changes have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful 正 The changes that have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful 误 Those want to visit the art exhibiti
2、on sign your names please 正 Those who want to visit the art exhibition sign your names please 分析 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省 但作主语时不能省 二 从句中使用多余的代词或副词致错 误 The compositions we handed them in two weeks ago haven t been marked yet 正 The compositions we handed in two weeks ago haven t been marked yet 分析 从句中省去了作宾语的
3、关系代词that 或 which 应去掉them 误 After living in Paris for 60 years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child there 正 After living in Paris for 60 years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child 分析 关系副词where 在从句中作地点状语 使用there 属语义重复 应去掉 三 as it which 混用致错 误 As is known to al
4、l that smoking does great harm to health 正 It is known to all that smoking does great harm to health 或 As is known to all smoking does great harm to health 分析 as 引导非限制性定语从句 置于句首时 要用逗号与主句隔开 it 放在句首 作形式 主语时 将从句后置 中间不用逗号 误 Tom drinks a lot every day as his wife doesn t like at all 正 Tom drinks a lot ev
5、ery day which his wife doesn t like at all 分析 as 引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句后 奇速英语暑假网络互动直播课程 九天 让你的英语成绩华丽转身 来不及的不是时间 而是行动 心动就马上行动 当你还在犹豫 的时候 先报名的童鞋已经甩你很远了 也可放在主句前和主句中 而 which 引导的非限制 性定语从句只能放在主句后 当主句与从句语义一致时 通常用as 反之则用which 四 从句中误用人称代词或物主代词致错 误 China has hundreds of islands the largest of them is Taiwan 正 Chin
6、a has hundreds of islands the largest of which is Taiwan 或 China has hundreds of islands and the largest of them is Taiwan 分析 人称代词只能用在独立的单句或分句中 不能用在定语从句中 误 The boss in her department Ms King worked looked down upon women 正 The boss in whose department Ms King worked looked down upon women 分析 物主代词不能在
7、定语从句中作定语 定语从句中用whose 作定语 修饰department 五 关系代词与关系副词混用致错 误 I live in Hong Kong where is the Special Administrative Zone 正 I live in Hong Kong which is the Special Administrative Zone 误 Is this museum the one when some German friends visited the other day 正 Is this museum the one that some German friend
8、s visited the other day 分析 关系代词在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语或定语 关系副词在从句中作状语 六 用ing 结构替换定语从句致错 误 The girl bringing milk here every morning is from a mountain village 正 The girl who brings milk here every morning is from a mountain village 误 The scholars returning from abroad recently were awarded by the local gove
9、rnment 正 The scholars who had returned from abroad recently were awarded by the local government 分析 当定语从句的谓语动词表示经常性或习惯性的动作或定语从句谓语动词的动作先于主 句谓语动词的动作时 不宜用v 鄄 ing 替换定语从句 七 that 与 which 混用致错 误 The weather turned out to be very good that was more than we expected 正 The weather turned out to be very good w
10、hich was more than we expected 误 The stories about the Second World War were written of that this is one example 正 The stories about the Second World War were written of which this is one example 分析 that 和 which 使用情况有别 不可混淆 奇速英语暑假网络互动直播课程 九天让你的 英语成绩华丽转身 来不及的不是时间 而是行动 心动就马上行动 当你还在犹豫的时候 先报名的童鞋已经甩你很远了
11、在非限制性定语从句中及介词后要使用which 下列情况须 用 that 1 先行词为something anything everything nothing all much little等 2 先行词被形容词 最高级 序数词修饰 3 先行词被all the very the only 等修饰 4 先行词既有人 又有物时 八 谓语动词的人称和数与先行词不一致致错 误 I who is your close friend will certainly help you when in trouble 正 I who am your close friend will certainly hel
12、p you when in trouble 分析 定语从句谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致 误 This is the only one of the tape 鄄 recorders in the sound lab that don t need repairing 正 This is the only one of the tape 鄄 recorders in the sound lab that doesn t need repairing 分析 one 前有 the only 修饰 因此one 为先行词 从句谓语动词用单数does t need 九 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语
13、从句区分不清致错 误 Abraham Lincoln who led the American people through these years was shot at a theatre in Washington D C 正 Abraham Lincoln who led the American people through these years was shot at a theatre in Washington D C 分析 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰 限定的作用 非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充 说明 当先行词为专有名词或表示 唯一 事物时 要用非限制性定语从句 十 固定
14、搭配不当致错 误 The house was sold at such a low price that people hadn t expected 正 The house was sold at such a low price as people hadn t expected 分析 先行词前若有such the same as so等词修饰时 从句须用as引导 先行词前若有形容 词比较级修饰时 从句一般用that 引导 知识详解 6条搞定定语从句和非限制性定语从 句 限制性定语从句限制所修饰名词或代词的意义 一般说来如把从句去掉句子意思就不清楚 甚至失去意义 非限制性定语从句主句 句子
15、的其他部分 关系不太紧密 对所修饰名词或代词的意思没有太 大影响 把它们拿掉 句子依然很完整 它们可以说是附加上去的东西 而且通常都有逗号 把它们和句子的其他部分分开 具体说来 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有以下几个方面的区别 1 形式不同 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开 口语中使用时也不停顿 而非限定性定语从 句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开 口语中使用时有停顿 2 作用不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰 限制和识别 如果去掉 就会造成句意不完 整或概念不清 而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用 如果省略 句意仍然清 楚 完整 People who take ph
16、ysical exercise live longer 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些 若把从句去掉句子就失去意义 Hisdaughter who is in Boston now is coming home next week 他女儿现在波士顿 下星期回 来 若把从句去句子意义仍然完整 3 翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时 一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前 而把非限定性定 语从句与主句分开 He is the man whose car was stolen 他就是汽车被窃的那个人 I ve invited Jim who lives in the next flat 我请了吉姆 他就住在隔壁 4 含义不同 比较 I have a sister who is a doctor 我有一个当医生的姐姐 姐姐不止一个 I have a sister who is a doctor 我有一个姐姐 她是当医生的 只有一个姐姐 5 先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词 而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或 代词 也可以是短语或句子 另外 当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二
