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1、 WaltWhitman 1819 92 Regardedasamysticpoet sexualpoet democraticpoet hispoemsareliketheBible comprehensive LeavesofGrass Original fresh bold licentious uninhibited unrestrainedbothincontentandinform freeverse Buoyantoptimism democracy equality individualism LeavesofGrass 1steditionin185512poems last
2、editionover400poemseditions 1855 56 60 67 71 76 81 89 91 92 Influencesuponhim 1 influencefromtheEnlightenment asembodiedinJeffersonandPain idealsoftherightsanddignityoftheindividual toleration humanitarianism 人道主义 cosmopolitanism 世界主义 andidealism 2 influencefromTranscendentalismrelianceoninsightandi
3、ntuition infinitepowerofmantogainknowledgebymergingintonature 3 influencefromEmerson Iwassimmering simmering simmering Emersonbroughtmetoaboil Whitman 3 influencefromEmerson1 Thepoetisaseer universalman Americaisapoeminoureyes AmericanPoetisauniversalman Emerson Thegreatestpoetbreathesintotheworldth
4、egrandeurandlifeofuniverse Whitman 2 poetryisorganic natural Artshouldbebasedorganicallyonnature poetrygrowsoutofnature apoemisaliveandpassionatelikethespiritofaplant animalfromnature Emerson therhymeanduniformityofperfectpoemsshowthefreegrowthofmetricallawsandbud aslilacsandrosesonabush Whitman 3 B
5、othmenbelievedininsightandintuitionofman Igreetyouatthebeginningofagreatcareer Irubbedmyeyesalittle toseeifthissunbeamwerenoillusion Emerson 21thJuly 1855 Themes focusonmanandnature 1 immanence 神在宇宙内的普遍存在性 ofGodincreation plentitude continuityandgraduation2 multiplicityandrichnessofnature3 sacrednes
6、softheself Themes 4 equalityofallthingsandbeings theequalpotentialdivinityofeverythingfromgrasstomankind5 loveandcompanionshipasaforcestrongerthansocialcompacts6 cosmicevolution7 thebeautyofdeathaspartofthecycleofbirth life deathandresurrection SongofMyself Fromabladeofgrassseeintothemysteryofdeatha
7、ndbirthConclusion thereisnodeath SongofMyself cycle1 Icelebratemyself andsingmyself AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou Iloafeandinvitemysoul Ileanandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass Mytongue everyatomofmyblood form dfromthissoil thisair Bornhereofparent
8、sbornherefromparentsthesame andtheirparentsthesame I nowthirty sevenyearsoldinperfecthealthbegin Hopingtoceasenottilldeath SongofMyself cycle1 Creedsandschoolsinabeyance Retiringbackawhilesufficedatwhattheyare butneverforgotten Iharborforgoodorbad Ipermittospeakateveryhazard Naturewithoutcheckwithor
9、iginalenergy 我赞美我自己 歌唱我自己 我承担的你也将承担 因为属于我的每一个原子也同样属于你 我闲步 还邀请了我的灵魂 我俯身悠然观察着一片夏日的草叶 我的舌 我血液的每个原子 是在这片土壤 这个空气里形成的 是这里的父母生下的 父母的父母也是在这里生下的 他们的父母也一样 我 现在三十七岁 一生下身体就十分健康 希望永远如此 直到死去 信条和学派暂时不论 且后退一步 明了它们当前的情况已足 但也决不是忘记 不论我从善从恶 我允许随意发表意见 顺乎自然 保持原始的活力 SongofMyself cycle6 Achildsaidwhatisthegrass fetchingitt
10、omewithfullhands HowcouldIanswerthechild Idonotknowwhatisitanymorethanhe Iguessitmustbetheflagofmydisposition outofhopefulgreenstuffwoven SongofMyself cycle6 OrIguessitisthehandkerchiefoftheLord Ascentedgiftandremembrancerdesignedlydropt Bearingtheowner snamesomewayinthecorners thatwemayseeandremark
11、 andsayWhose OrIguessthegrassisitselfachild theproducedbabeofthevegetation SongofMyself cycle6 Andnowitseemstomethebeautifuluncuthairofgraves Whatdoyouthinkhasbecomeoftheyoungandoldmen Andwhatdoyouthinkhasbecomeofthewomenandchildren Theyarealiveandwellsomewhere Thesmallestsproutshowsthereisreallynod
12、eath Andifevertherewasitledforwardlife anddoesnotwaitattheendtoarrestit Allgoesonwardandoutward nothingcollapses Themesof SongofMyself 1 transcendentalnoteAllgoesonwardandoutward nothingcollapses I presenteverywhereinlife leavesonewiththeimpressionofadivineomnisciencebeholdingnatureandmanalike Iamde
13、athless Oneworldisaware andthatismyself Iamlarge Icontainmultitude Themesof SongofMyself 2 idealsofequalityanddemocracyItcelebratesthedignity self reliantspiritandjoyofcommonman itrevealsaworldofequality withoutrankandhierarchy prostitute president carpenter peopleofallwalksoflife Themesof SongofMys
14、elf 3 ItrespondsenthusiasticallytotheexpansionofAmerica arisingnation risingspiritofanewnation fullofhustlingaction bubblingenergy dynamiccreativefertility aggressiveanddaringspirit Techniques 1 freeverse2 parallelism rhythmofthought catalogue3 phoneticrecurrence systematicrepetitionofwordsandphrase
15、satthebeginning middleandendofthelines 4 symbolism5 untoldlatencies implications suggestions religiousrevelations epiphany Hisinfluences T S Eliot Pound HartCrane CarlSandburg GinsburgHeiscomparedtoamountaininAmericanliterature youmaygoaroundhim butyoucannotpretendthatheisnotthere Hisinfluences Fift
16、yyearsafterthefirstpublicationofLeavesofGrass thewordsofWhitman weretheneutralairwebreathed whetherwehadreadthemornot Hiscontributions Innovationsindictionandversification franknessaboutsex inclusionofthecommonplaceandugly censure criticism oftheweaknessesoftheAmericanDemocraticpractice Someofhistitles One sSelfISingIHearAmericaSingingISingtheBodyElectricAWomanWaitsforMeSpontaneousMeIAmHethatAcheswithLoveFacingWestfromCalifornia ShoresForYouODemocracy Someofhistitles ISawinLouisianaaLiveOakGrowi
