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1、这一组词均与树木有关。bush n.矮树丛。shrub n.有木茎的灌木，灌木丛。jungle n.热带稠密的雨林或丛林。certify, rectify, testify, verify这是一组形近易混词。certify v.证明，声称是真的。He certified it was his wifes handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。rectify v.改正，纠正；整顿。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作证；表
2、明。He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害，他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。verify v. (用事实)证实或核实。I verified the stores address by calling to check it.我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。compel, constrain, force, oblige这一组动词都有强迫的意思。compel v.强迫，迫使，常表示运用权利、力量
3、迫使对方做某事；有时也表示别无办法，不得不做。His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。constrain v.力劝，强迫，与compel意思相近，但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的场合。As an artist he didnt consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家，不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。force v.强迫,迫使,暴力威胁的意味较浓，
4、常用于被动语态。The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。oblige v. (因法律、习俗等)强迫，迫使，常常用于被动。We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。complaint, disorder这两个词都有疾病的意思。complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病时向医生描述的病症，既可以是小病、慢性病，也可以是传染性疾病)；抱怨，埋怨，不满。a heart complaint心脏病disorder n. (精神或肉体的)疾病(着重于身心、机能的
5、失调、不平衡)；骚乱，动乱；混乱，杂乱。a disorder of the digestive system消化系统疾病complement, supplement，append这三个名词都有补充的意思。complement n.补充，补充物，主要指补充不足使之完美。Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。supplement n.增补，补充，补贴，主要指另外补加，增补。One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover
6、new events.我们在报告完成一年之后，必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。append n.附加，添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。component, element, factor, ingredient这一组名词都有组成成分的意思。component n.零部件；(某事物的)组成部分；成分。Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎，引擎，车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零
7、部件。element n.元素；组成部分，方面；某特定类型的人或群体，分子。The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。factor n.因素，要素，侧重指原因。Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。ingredient n.原料，成分，要素。Flour, milk, butter and yeas
8、t are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include这一组动词都有组成，包含的意思。comprise v.包含，包括，由组成(整体)；组成，构成。Our companys product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。compose v.构成(整体)，组成；由组成(后接of，常用于被动语态)；创作(作曲、诗歌等)。The committee was c
9、omposed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。consist v.组成，构成,由组成(后接of，常用于主动语态)；(后接in)在于，存在于。The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。constitute v.构成，组成(整体)。Crime and illegal drugs constitute the citys major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买
10、卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。include v.包括，包含，把列入。The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大会代表中有来自海外的代表。concentrate, focus这两个动词都有集中的意思。concentrate v.集中，集中精力(后接on，宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西)；浓缩，压缩。During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间，同学们集中精力回答问题。focus v.集中(于某事物)；将(注意力等)集中于
11、(后接on，宾语一般不是具体的东西)。Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。confinement, limitation, restraint这一组名词都有限制，局限的意思。confinement n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。The prisoner was sentenced to three months solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。limitation n.限制，局限；(能力的)缺点，弱点。That employee has limitations on w
12、hat work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。restraint n.克制，抑制；约束措施。Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didnt yell at her child.即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。considerable, considerate这是一对形近易混的形容词。considerable a.相当大的，相当多的；值得考虑的。That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。cons
13、iderate a.考虑周到的，体贴的，后面常跟of结构。He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。conserve, preserve, reserve这是一组形近易混词，且都有保存的意思。conserve v.保存，保藏，保护(强调节约)。In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天，为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。preserve v.保护；维持；保养；防止(食物)腐败
14、(强调使不受破坏)。The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留，储备(强调为某一特殊目的)；订(座位)，预定。We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。continual, continuous, constant, incessant这一组形容词都有不断的，不停的的意思。continual a.连续不断的；频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。That dogs barking is a conti
15、nual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫，真是烦死人了。continuous a.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。constant a.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。incessant a.不停的，持续不断的，强调令人厌烦地重复出现，中间有可能有停顿。Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。convert, invert, revert, transform这一组动词都
