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1、英语读音的基本规则元音字母:a, e, i(y), o, u辅音字母:b, c, d, f, g ,h, j, k l, m, n, p, q, r, s t, v, w, x, y, z元音: 单元音,有a:,e,i:,i,:,,:, u:,u。双元音,有ai, ei, i, au, u, i, , u。注意区别:,e这三个元音的发音部位相同(仅存在于双元音中),区别在于张口的大小:发音时嘴巴张开达两个手指之宽,发音时嘴巴张开达一个半手指之宽,发e音时嘴巴张开达一个手指之宽。辅音:清辅音,有p,t,k,f,s,tr,ts 以及h。浊辅音,有b,d,g,v,z, ,dr,dz,以及l, j,
2、w, 还有鼻腔浊辅音m, n, 。注:上述前面10对儿为成对的清浊辅音。音节:一个单词至少有一个或一个以上的音节。只有一个音节的单词,这个音节本身就是重读音节;一个音节以上的单词有重读音节和非重读音节。重读开音节:在重读音节中,以元音字母本身结尾,或以辅音字母+字母e结尾的音节。重读闭音节:在重读音节中,以辅音字母(一个或多个)结尾的音节。一重读音节中元音字母的读音规则1 在重读开音节中,元音字母读字母本身的音。即: 字母a读ei, 如cake, make, safe, shape, waste, lazy 字母e读i:, 如he, she, we, eve, evening, equal字母
3、i(y)读ai,如I, my, why, life, shrine, driver, inside字母o读u, 如home, hope, nose, sofa字母u读ju:, 如huge, cute, mute, nuclear 有些单词不遵循以上规则,如havehv, dodu:, comekm, gonegn, movemu:v, somesm, lovelv, shovev, whohu:, whosehu:z等等。2 在重读闭音节中,元音字母的读音规则如下: 字母a读, 如cat, gap, match, lamp 字母e读e, 如bed, desk, get, help, settl
4、e, 字母i(y)读i, 如bit, ship, wig, lift, limit 字母o读, 如hot, soft, lost, pop 字母u读, 如but, cut, hut, must, lust, run 也有些单词不遵循以上规则,如putput,combkum。二一些字母及其组合的读音规则1 元音字母组合 字母组合 读音 例如 ai,ay ei mail, praise, faith, say, lay air air, hair, fair all :l all, small, hall, wall alk :k talk, walk ar a: target, arm, yar
5、d 在字母w之后读: war, ward, award, reward are hare, scare, square ask a:sk ask, task, mask, basket ast a:st cast, fast, vast, last 注:以上两条为英国英语的读音规则,而在美国英语中,字母组合ask, ast中的元音字母a发音,遵从元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音规则。 au : laud, Paul a: laugh aw : draw, crawl, scrawl ay,ey i: quay, key, ea i: eat, heat, leave, meat, wheat e
6、head, health, wealth,threat i rhea, diarrhea ear i ear, wear, tear, clear : earn, earth ee i: sheep, meet, seed, weep er : her, hermit, inert, herb ere i here, sphere ew ju: hew, new, spew u: Jew, drew, threw u sew ir : skirt, girl oa u coat, boat, coach, soap oi,oy i boil, boy, soybean oo u: school
7、, cool, loopu cook, hook, look or : word, work ou au mouth, south, loud, ground tough, rough u: group, soup, youth cough (特例) ow au how, tower u low, snow, show, throw, know our au our, hour, sour : court, course, u tour ure u或ju sure, pure 此外,ar,er,or一般在单词词尾的非重读音节中读 如 popular, poster, sailor; 字母e在非
8、重读音节中一般读i,如booklet, basket, 或者读,如quarrel。2. 辅音字母及其组合字母及其组合 读音 例如 c 在a,o,u和辅音字母前及词尾读k cat, coat, cut, basic 在e,i(y)前, 读s cease, cite, cycle cc 在a,o,u前, 读k account 在e,i(y)前 读ks accept, succeed, accident ch cheat, chip, teach k technology cht t yachtjtck k crack, stick, sick, ticket dge edge, judge dr
9、dr drive, drain, g在a,o,u和辅音字母前读g gas, goat, gun, great 在e,i(y)前, 读 image, damage, gym gh 在词首, 读g ghost, ghetto 在词尾或辅音t前,不发音 high,sigh, bright, eight, night gu g guide, guess, guard (偶尔) gw extinguishh 一般读h home, heat, hit, hut 前面有辅音字母时 不发音 exhibit, rhea, j jaw, Jew, joke, judgekn n knife, knee, knight, know mb m lamb, bomb, climb, comb ng slang, sing, long, lung ph