《中科院考博英语语法重点总结.pps》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中科院考博英语语法重点总结.pps（23页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2002 12 14 1 考博网整理并提供下载 2002 12 14 2 语法重点总结 独立主格虚拟语气非谓语动词主谓一致倒装 2002 12 14 3 独立主格特征 1 充当句子的状语 2 有自己的主语 同句子的主语不一致 3 名词 代词 形容词 副词 介词 分词4 With 名词 代词 分词 形容词 例 a Itbeingraining Idecidedtostayathome b Speechhavingbeendelivered discussionstarted c heenteredtheroom withhishandsopen holdingarifle 2002 12 14
2、4 真题剖析 1995 45cliffsnolongercrumbling thebeachesare46ofthematerialwhichwould47feedthem 45 A ForB AsC WithD Because 2002 12 14 5 虚拟语气 1 2002 12 14 6 虚拟语气 2 1 should 动词原形It be动词 形容词 able essential odd vital absurd regrettable desirable that从句It be动词 名词 pity shame that从句It be动词 过去分词 ordered begged vote
3、d moved that从句部分名词 动词 表示建议 劝告 决定等 that从句2 It s high about timethat 动词过去式wouldrather 动词过去式 2002 12 14 7 真题剖析 1997 Iwouldn tbetruthfulifI47saythatteachingishardwork 47 A doB didC don tD didn t 1993 TheCaironewspapersthenextdaycarriedbannerheadlinesaboutthestudentdemonstration52 andthey53thattheprofess
4、orbesenthome 53 A orderedB pleadedC decidedD demanded 2002 12 14 8 非谓语动词 动名词 分词 不定式 主动或被动 doing done todo tobedone 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后 doing havingdone havingbeendone todo tohavedone tohavebeen To在什么情况下作介词 什么情况下作不定式引导词 2002 12 14 9 真题剖析 2000 IntheinnercitiesofAmerica newspapersregularlyreportonnewbornbabi
5、es60intogarbagebinsbydrug addictedmothers 60 A droppedB todropC droppingD drops 2002 12 14 10 主谓一致 1 1 整体及抽象概念作主语 谓语通常用单数形式 Howyougottheredoesn tconcernme Growingvegetablesneedsconstantwatering 2 表示时间 距离 重量 容量 价值等概念作主语 谓语多用单数 Eighthundreddollarsisenoughtoliveon 3 以 s结尾的专有名词 linguistics economics mea
6、sles diabetes等 谓语通常用单数形式 4 分数或百分数 主语 谓语跟主语保持一致 Twothirdsofthevillagesareflooded theareaisunderwater 2002 12 14 11 主谓一致 2 5 不定代词 one each everyone everybody everything noone nobody nothing anyone anybody anything someone somebody something等 作主语 谓语用单数 Everyoneknowsthatyou vecomehere Ifanybodywantstose
7、eme letthemwaittillIcomeback thing的情况例外 6 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致 aswellas with alongwith togetherwith asmuchas accompaniedby besides but except inadditionto like morethan nolessthan ratherthan including等 HenolessthanJohnisinterestedinliterature 2002 12 14 12 主谓一致 3 7 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致 or either or neither nor
8、 notonly butalso not but partly partly等 Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming 8 each every manya no 主语 谓语用单数 ManyastudentandteacherhasbeentotheGreatWall 2002 12 14 13 真题剖析 2000 MexicoCityalready52twentymillionpeopleandCalcuttatwelvemillion AccordingtotheWorldBank 53ofAfrica scitiesaregrowingby10 ayear
9、 54ofurbanizationeverrecorded 53 A noneB fewC anyD some54 A eventB workC levelD rate 2002 12 14 14 倒装 一 全部倒装二 部分倒装 2002 12 14 15 全部倒装 1 There Here be 主语 Therestandbigbuildingsinthisdistrict Hereonthedeskliesapileofbooks 2 单个副词 in out now up down away off then 位于句首 短语动词不可拆 如itblewup Incametheboss Ahe
10、adsatanoldman 3 介词短语作状语位于句首Inthemiddleoftheroomstoodthenaughtyboy 2002 12 14 16 全部倒装 4 表语位于句首Especiallyremarkablewashisflatnose Notfarfromhereisafamousuniversity 5 so nor neither nomore位于句首 代表前文Shewasn tangry andneitherwasI Peterdoesn tlikepopmusic Nomoredoeshisbrother 6 分词短语位于句首 分词 be 主语 Goneforeve
11、rwerethedaysthatwedependedonforeignoil 2002 12 14 17 部分倒装 1 疑问句2 否定副词 seldom rarely scarcely hardly little never few notuntil notonly 位于句首 作形容词时例外 NeverdidJohnspeakrudelytohisparents 3 only 状语 位于句首Onlywhenhecomesbackcanbeleave 4 hardly when scarcely when nosooner than notonly butalso 位于句首Nosoonerhad
12、hegotintotheclassroomthantheclassbegan 2002 12 14 18 部分倒装 5 not no组成的词组位于句首 innoway undernocircumstances onnoaccount Bynomeansshouldyoubreaktherules Atnotimeshouldwegiveintodifficulties 6 虚拟倒装 had were should放到句首 7 形容词 名词 动词 as though 尽管 虽然 be动词 Smallthoughtheroomis itcanholdmorethantwentypeople Sea
13、rchastheywould theycouldfindnothinginthehouse 2002 12 14 19 真题剖析 2000 Fasterthaneverbefore thehumanworldisbecominganurbanworld Bythemillionstheycome theambitiousandthedown troddenoftheworlddrawnbythestrangemagnetismofurban46 46 A wayB lifeC areaD people 2002 12 14 20 限定词的用法 1 Both each either neithe
14、r 只指两个 2 All every each some any no 指两个以上 3 Some any more the most all alot lots enough none 复数可数或不可数 4 Much a little agood greatdeal less the least 不可数 eg Gotanymoney Noneatall eg Doeseithersideofthisstreetgetmoresunthattheother No neithersideissunnierthantheother 2002 12 14 21 从句为考察重点 1999 Theansw
15、ersgivenby200womentothoseintimateopen endedquestionsmademerealizethat51waswrongcouldnotberelatedtoeducationinthewayitwasthenbelievedtobe 51 A whichB whatC itD that 2002 12 14 22 1998 Theylearnedto51theirfarminghabitstotheclimateandsoil 52theyselectedthefourthThursdayofNovemberfortheirThanksgiving53
16、theyinvitedtheirneighbors 52 A WhileB WhenC SoD If 2002 12 14 23 1993 IntheUnitedStatesacommentatorremarkedthat45Japanapparentlystillusedsome primitivetools 46aJapanesecommentatorexpressedastonishmentthattheAmericanpenswrotesopoorlytheycouldsafelybeusedonlyonceandthendiscarded 46 A thoughB whenC whileD andthat
