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1、 1 Section Grammar Writing 非限制性定语从句和定语从句的省略 阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法 1 She heard a terrible noise which brought her heart into mouth 2 The weather turned out to be very good which was more than we could expect 3 A person with his head in the clouds is a dreamer whose mind is not in the real world 4 Qingdao
2、is a beautiful city where I ll pay a six day visit 5 They have a son and two daughters all of whom live in the city 6 He lived in London for two months during which time he learned some English 7 David as you know is an amateur photographer 8 He spoke to the girl who was from Paris 9 We said goodbye
3、 to Mr Green who was still busy at his office 2 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句用来对先行词作补充说明 没有它 主句也能独立存在 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切 它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开 需注意 的是 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句 1 关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 1 which 指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 The new observatory which lies on the top of the mountain costs them nearly ten thousand dollars 那座位于山顶上的新天文台 花
4、了他们近一万美元 2 who 指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 My father who is an excellent violinist is leaving for Canada for performances 我的爸爸是一位出色的小提琴手 正准备去加拿大演出 3 whom 指人 在定语从句中作宾语 一般不能省略 His mother whom he loved dearly died in 1991 他非常爱他的母亲 她死于 1991 年 4 whose 既可指人 也可指物 在定语从句中作定语 先行词是人时 whose n 相当于 the n of whom 先行词是物时 whose
5、 n 相当于 the n of which Mr King whose legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital 金先生的腿受了重伤 他很快就被送去医院了 5 as 既可指人 也可指物 在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语 As we know smoking is harmful to people s health 众所周知 吸烟对人的健康有害 名师点津 as which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1 as 引导非限制性定语从句时 先行词一般为整个主句 而 which 引导非限 制性定语从句时 先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部
6、分 She is always working hard as everyone can see 正如大家所看到的那样 她一直工作很努力 The book which I bought yesterday is very instructive 3 我昨天买的那本书 很有教育意义 2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活 可以位于句首 句中和句末 而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于先行词之后 As everyone can see she is honest 她的诚实是大家有目共睹的 She is honest which everyone can see 她的诚实是大家有目
7、共睹的 3 as 引导非限制性定语从句时常被译为 正如 多用于固定搭配中 as is often the case 这是常有的事 as was expected 不出所料 as often happens 正如经 常发生的那样 as is known to all 众所周知 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 等 而 which 常被译为 这一点 那 并 且主句和从句常存在逻辑上的因果关系 A five year old boy can speak two foreign languages which as
8、surprises all the people present 一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语 这令在场的所有人感到惊讶 Tom was always late for school which made his teacher very angry 汤姆上学总是迟到 这让他的老师很生气 As can be seen from his face he is quite pleased 从他的表情可以看出来 他非常高兴 2 关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 当先行词指时间或地点时 用 when where 引导非限制性定语从句 在定语从 句中作状语 why 不引导非限制性定语从句 但可用 for wh
9、ich 代替 We will put off the outing until next week when we won t be so busy 我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期 那时我们就不会那么忙了 Many children go to a day care centre where they can learn games 很多孩子上日间托儿所 在那儿他们可以学习游戏 3 名词 代词 介词 关系代词 结构 此类结构常见的有 some several a few a little many more most the largest of which whom 等形式 Here are t
10、he questions some of which I thought are difficult for you 4 问题都在这儿 其中一些我认为对你来说太难 He has many friends three of whom are from foreign countries 他有很多朋友 其中三个来自外国 定语从句的省略 1 省略作宾语 表语的关系代词 在限制性定语从句中 当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语时 关系代词可以 省略 The boy that who whom we saw last night was Li Ming 我们昨晚见到的那个男孩是李明 Who is the ma
11、n that who whom you were talking to 刚才和你讲话的人是谁 名师点津 1 当关系代词 whom 和 which 直接位于介词之后时 whom which 不能省略 2 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略 2 将定语从句变为非谓语动词形式 有时定语从句的关系代词和谓语的一部分可以省略 剩下不定式 短语 现在 分词 短语 或过去分词 短语 作后置定语 1 定语从句转换成动词不定式 短语 There are still many problems that must be solved There are still many proble
12、ms to be solved 还有许多问题需要解决 2 定语从句转换成现在分词 短语 当关系代词为定语从句的主语 定语从句中的谓语动词又是主动形式的行为 动词时 定语从句一般可以转换成现在分词 短语 但要注意主句和从句的时态要 保持一致 The people who live in the village have moved to other areas The people living in the village have moved to other areas 住在村子里的人们已经搬到其他地方了 3 定语从句转换成过去分词 短语 当关系代词为定语从句的主语 且定语从句的谓语动词用
13、的是被动语态时 定语从句一般可以转换成过去分词 短语 过去分词 短语 表示被动 完成的意义 5 其动作发生在主句的谓语动词之前 The house which was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon The house damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon 在火灾中损坏的房子很快将被重建 单句语法填空 1 The scientist has made another discovery I believe is of great importance 2 Alice received an invit
14、ation from her boss came as a surprise 3 She has two brothers are teachers 4 They reached there yesterday a meeting will be held 5 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures each of uses it somewhat differently 6 A few days after the interview I received a letter offer me admission to
15、the university 7 She and her husband are now at work on a new novel publish next year 8 I have listened to the lecture give by that famous professor 9 John for money is no problem still leads a simple life 10 is known to the United States Mark Twain is a great writer 答案 1 which 2 which 3 who 4 where
16、 5 which 6 offering 7 to be published 8 given 9 whom 10 As 单句改错 1 There are many students play basketball on the playground 2 The question to discuss tomorrow is whether workers salary should be increased 3 Which we ve seen oceans cover more than 70 of the Earth 6 4 Mr Smith from who I have learned a lot is a famous scientist 5 What can I do to rescue the girl trapping in the big fire 答案 1 play playing 2 discuss be discussed 3 Which As 4 who whom 5 trapping trapped 描述今昔对比的电子邮件 描写今昔对比时要根据过去的情况和现在
