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1、2017年高考英语真题2016年In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively（本能地） 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find
2、 satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision(监督，管理) if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be（impose sth on sb把强加给某人）imposed from 54 without consultati
3、on（咨询）. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are aske
4、d to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective（集体的，共同的） opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach
5、common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative（首创精神，主动权）, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management l
6、ayers in companies. After de-layering（减少员工层） in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegat
7、ion mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site（不在现场的） or 64 management, where teams of people linked by and the Internet work on project
8、s from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desireB. seekC. loseD. dislike 52. A. contraryB. expectationC. degreeD. extreme 53. A. vice versaB. for exampleC. however
9、D. otherwise（反过来也是一样的）54. A. outsideB. insideC. belowD. above 55. A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. encouraging （评价，估价）56. A. referB. contributeC. objectD. apply（+to有助于）57. A. agreementB. practiceC. electionD. impression58. A. bossyB. experiencedC. westernD. male 59. A. askingB. trainingC. warni
10、ngD. firing 60. A. doublingB. maintainingC. reducingD. estimating 61. A. honored B. leftC. crowdedD. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequatelyD. occasionally （不够地，不够好地）63. A. denyB. admitC. assumeD. ensure(假定，承担)64. A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-to-dayD. on-the-scene65. A. opinio
11、nB. riskC. performanceD. attractiveness2015年If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect（探测，察觉） interest in romance among the artists.51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient
12、 peoples earned to center on（集中在） hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more52in peoples lives. The53is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and
13、 movies qualify as （作为合适）love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be54. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the
14、 brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that55attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.(一层不变，板上钉钉)First ImpressionTo help determine the56of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10
15、minutes so they could get a sense of each others individuality. Then students were asked to57what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their58judgments often held true. Students seemed to59at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The60KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans
