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1、摘 要德伯家的苔丝与红字是英美文学中两部历经百年而不衰的巨著。两部作品国别不同,时代各异,在题材和风格上也各有差异。但是通过比较,可以发现两者之间,尤其是两位女主人公海斯特白兰和苔丝德伯之间，有着诸多的相似之处。本文中, 笔者将就两部小说中女主人公的命运悲剧进行比较和分析，归纳异同之处，并探讨其原因, 意在揭露宗教和男权社会的丑陋、虚伪、和残酷的一面, 并体现女性在悲惨命运面前所表现出的伟大人格魅力。关键词：悲剧命运；相似；相异；原因ABSTRACTTess of the DUrbervilles and The Scarlet Letter are two great works, whic
2、h have come through hundreds of years not to fade in the British and American literature. They are different in the writers nationalities and living time, and have the difference respectively in the theme and the style. But through the comparison, we can find numerous similarities between these two
3、works, especially the two heroines - Hester and Tess. In this article, the author is going to carry on the comparison between these two heroines tragic destiny, concluding the similarities and differences as well as discussing the reasons, with the intension of exposing the ugly, hypocritical and br
4、utal face of the religion and male-power society, which will also show the charm of the females great personality displayed in front of the pitiful destiny.Keywords：tragic destiny; differences ; similarities; reasons Contents1. Introduction12. Similarities and differences of the tragic destiny22.1 S
5、imilar destinies22.1.1 Poor family22.1.2 Unfortunate youth32.1.3 Hypocritical lover32.1.4 Social critics52.2 Different ending63. Reasons of the tragic destinies73.1 Writers thoughts of writing73.1.1 Hardys fatalism73.1.2 Hawthorns view of sin93.2 Characters living environments103.2.1 Economic condit
6、ion103.2.2 Political status103.2.3 Cultural backgrounds123.3 Characters thoughts143.3.1 Tesss hesitance in resisting tradition143.3.2 Hesters insistence in countering tradition154. Conclusion16Acknowledgements17References18中国最大的论文知识平台1IntroductionTess of the DUrbervilles is continuously considered a
7、s Hardys greatest and most artistically charming one in his representative works. The work describes the bankruptcy of the small peasant economy and the process that the farmer moves towards impoverishment in the end of 19 century when capitalism invades the countryside, as well as the main characte
8、r Tesss tragic destiny in this background. Tess has beautiful appearance, strong will and warm sentiment. Meanwhile, she also had honesty and simple characteristic that comes from nature. She deeply loves life. For love, she dares facing any difficultly. However she is finally delivered to the gallo
9、ws. 350The Scarlet Letter is the famous writer Hawthornes representative work. The work, through vivid description of special destiny caused by different characters under the specific background of New England in the American colonial period, creatively deducts the oppression to Hester in the patria
10、rchal society. The feminine image of Hester, who advocates feminism and pursues romantic love, has displayed especially outstanding in the Puritanism society. Although she is strong, brave, industrious, kind, and has lofty self-devotion, finally only to turn out the tragic ending.2. Similarities and
11、 differences of the tragic destiny2.1 Similar destiniesThere are so many common grounds between the tragic destinies of the leading characters Tess and Hester. The two heroines almost have gathered all merits of feminine: to be intelligent, beautiful, industrious, good, chaste, tolerant and brave, t
12、o love faithfully, to be extremely positive to life. Being the outstanding females who have innumerable merits, they both have experienced similar pitiful destiny, being faced with economys impoverishment, youths misfortune, lovers hypocrisy and societys discrimination. Both of them were born in the
13、 impoverished declining family; both have lost the happy youth; both deeply love the leading male character, and sacrifice their own life happiness as the price for pursuing their chaste love, but suffer abandonment of the deceptive and selfish hypocrites; both experience suffering societys extreme
14、insult and critique in their life. After full persecution from all sorts of visible or invisible evil influence of society, they end in the pitiful sacrificial victims.2.1.1 Poor familyTess was born in a poor farmer family, a declining aristocratic one. The straitened financial circumstance of the f
15、amily makes her live with great difficulty. From the very beginning of the story, her family occupies the poor farmers status. When the nag, the only economic basis of their livelihood, is hit and dies, the family goes bankrupt immediately. It is only then that Tess steps onto a road different from the past. Because of the bankrupt, Tess has no other choice but to claim kin with DUrbervilles family in Trantridge, a counterfeit relative with same surname.Hester is extremely similar to Tess in
