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1、Unit 2 The universal language Section Grammar & Writing语法图解探究发现In the story, a girl named Zhu Yingtai is stubborn and wants to go to school, but cant (go to school) because only boys are admitted. If he says hell come, he will (come). but the performance (that) I saw was the first time Turandot
2、was staged inside the Forbidden City.This is the book (which) you were looking for yesterday.I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to (see the film)However, although he would like to (break his promise), he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.Though (he is)
3、young, he knows a lot.Once (the plan is) carried out, the plan cant be changed.We shall start at eight, if (it is) convenient.If (it is) necessary, please call me up.He told me (that) he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.The boy said (that) you were too young to understand the matt
4、er and that he was asked not to tell you.我的发现(1)第组例句属于承前省略。(2)第组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。(3)第组为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。(4)第组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，而从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。(5)第组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语为it，谓语为is/was时，可以将it_is/was省略。(6)第组体现的是当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的
5、由连词that连接的宾语从句时，只可省略第一个连词that的情况。在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。在此，我们只研究句法的省略和替代省略。一、省略在简单句中的应用1祈使句的省略。在祈使句中通常省略主语。(You) Do be careful of such things in the future.今后一定要小心此类事情。(You) Speak a little slower. I cant follow you.你讲慢一点，我听
6、不清楚。2在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。(Is there) Anything else?(还有)其他东西吗？3疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。Are you a student?Yes, I am (a student)你是一名学生吗？是的，我是(一名学生)。4感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。What a beautiful girl (she is)!(她是)多漂亮的一个女孩呀！即时演练1(1)单句语法填空(天津高考改编)Marys been offered a job in a university, but she doesnt wan
7、t to take it.But why? Its a very good chance.I went to an exhibition this morning.With whom (who)?(2)写出下列句子的省略部分(Are_there) Any questions?Are you tired?Yes, I am (tired)What a hot day (it_is)!二、省略在并列句中的应用在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分，后一部分则常被省略掉，以免重复。He teaches English and his brother (teaches) maths.他教英
8、语，他弟弟教数学。Your advice made me happy, but (your advice made) Tom angry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。即时演练2(1)单句语法填空(全国卷改编)Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and Tom wont either.She could have applied for that job, but she didnt (not)(2)合并句子My shirt is white. His shirt is blue.My_shirt_is_white_and_his_blue.Tom tur
9、ned on the radio. Tom listened to English.Tom_turned_on_the_radio_and_listened_to_English.三、主从复合句中的省略1宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。2在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词含有be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be一起省略掉。这种省
10、略现象通常出现在以when, while, as, until, once, whether, if, unless, though, even if, where等连词连接的时间、条件、让步、地点等状语从句中。He fell in love with the girl while (he was) on a visit to New York.他是在游览纽约时爱上那位姑娘的。He will not go to the party even if (he is) invited.即使受到邀请，他也不去参加晚会。即时演练3句型转换When you are listening to your te
11、acher, you must be careful.When listeningto your teacher, you must be careful.You shouldnt come to his party unless you are invited.You shouldnt come to his party unless invited.3定语从句中的省略。若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。The car (which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送
12、给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。即时演练4句型转换I bought two books in the bookstore and they are very interesting.The two books Ibought in the bookstore are very interesting.四、不定式的省略1并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。The purpose of new tec
13、hnologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。2某些使役动词，如make, let, have等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不能省略。My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。3不定式to
14、后面的内容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于do so，但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have，be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have和be。After he came back from the war, he was a mere shadow of the man he used to be.从战场返回后，他就衰弱得不成样子。Have you told Ann about her failure in the test?Yes, but I oughtnt to have (told her about it)你告诉安关于她考试不及格的事情了吗？是的。但
15、是我本来不该告诉她。4介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。He could do nothing but give in to the robber.他什么也不能做只能屈服于劫匪了。即时演练5完成句子He will go to Beijing tomorrow if he is_allowed_to (被允许)Did you buy milk?No, I_meant_to (我本打算买的), but the shop was shut.The workers were made_to_overwork (被迫加班)We have nothing to do now but_wait (除了等)Im really puzzled how_to_think_and_say (怎么想，怎么说)五、替代性省略1在一些交际用语中，think, suppose, expect, believe, guess, hope等后常用s
