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1、Unit 1 Laughter is good for you Section Grammar & Writing语法图解探究发现People have always enjoyed laughing, and there has always been humour.Standup is a kind of comedy that is done on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members.A standup comedian may tease an audience mumber, or might
2、decide to tell different jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to his or her previous jokes.He says it is because when he started practising standup as a child, he told himself jokes while standing in front of the mirror, brushing his teeth.They could only see him standing there moving his l
3、ips.Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.To be a good actor, you need to know the vocabulary used on stage.The most famous are the Canadian Mark Roswell, known in China as Dashan，and David Moser(Mo Dawei)from the USA.我的发现(1)以上各句中，非谓语动词作主语的是：；非谓语动词作宾语的是：。(2)句中的非谓语动词在
4、句中作方式状语；句中的非谓语动词作伴随状语，且该非谓语动词表示主动和正在进行的动作。(3)句中宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系。(4)从句中可以看出，现在分词作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在主动关系；从句中可以看出过去分词作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在被动关系。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，非谓语动词可在句中作主语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。一、非谓语动词作主语1不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语表示某一次的具体动作、将来的动作或一般情况。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，而且谓语动词的数通常用单数。To hesitate means failure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。To know
5、everything is to know nothing.样样皆通，样样稀松。To smoke so much is not very good for you.抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(2)有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式后置。It is our duty to give as much help as possible.提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。(3)不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb.to do”构成，“介词sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者，为不定式的逻辑主语。Its difficult for us to finish th
6、e work.对我们来说，完成这项工作是困难的。Its clever of you to work out the maths problem.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。名师点津若形容词是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for；若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，用of。即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空To_stop (stop) the work now seems already impossible.To_finish (finish) the work in ten minutes is very hard.It was foolish of you to_
7、give (give) up what you rightly owned.(2)选词填空：for, ofIt is so kind of you to do me such a good favour.I dont think it right for you to say so absurd a requirement.(3)句型转换To give up smoking is right.It is right to give up smoking.2动名词作主语(1)动名词作主语常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，动名词有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数形式。Saying is e
8、asier than doing.说比做容易。Having seen a lot of the world in ones youth is a good thing.年轻时多见见世面是件好事。Being laughed at in public is what you will never want to happen to you.被当众嘲笑是你永远不想发生在自己身上的事情。(2)动名词作主语时，可位于句首和句末。动名词位于句末时用it作形式主语。常见句型有：It is no use waiting here.在这儿等无济于事。It is worthwhile spending some
9、time doing this job.花点儿时间做这项工作是值得的。(3)动名词作主语时的逻辑主语：动名词作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，“逻辑主语动名词”叫做动名词的复合结构。动名词作主语时，逻辑主语的常见形式：His leaving is a great loss.他的离开是一个巨大的损失。Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match.昨天是星期天，比赛推迟了。即时演练2用所给动词的适当形式填空It is no good saying (say) such ugly words to him.Working (work) in these condi
10、tions is not a pleasure but a suffer.It is no use wasting (waste) too much time on such things.His being (be) late made me angry.二、非谓语动词作定语1不定式作定语(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有舒适的房子可住。(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定
11、式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you got anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)Have you got anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)(3)用不定式作定语的几种情况：不定式表将来The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。He was the best man t
12、o do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能
13、力吗？I have no chance to go sightseeing.我没有机会外出观光。即时演练3(1)单句改错The surgeon has several patients to operate.operate后加on(2)完成句子有很多工作要做。There is a lot of work to_do.他是最不可依靠的人。He is the last person to_depend_on.要买的那本书已经被他人买走了。The book to_be_bought has already been bought by another person.该开始春播了。It is alre
14、ady time to_start spring sowing.2分词作定语(1)现在分词作定语：现在分词作定语时，与所修饰词之间是主动关系。单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词的前面，分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。Keep silent in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.保持安静，别惊醒睡觉的小孩。If you see soldiers wearing skyblue helmets, they are United Nations peacekeepers.如果你看见士兵戴着天蓝色的头盔，他们就是联合国维和人员。现在分词的一般式(do
15、ing)作定语，表示主动、进行的动作；现在分词一般式的被动语态(being done)作定语时，表示被动、进行的动作。The man standing by the window is our teacher.站在窗户旁边的那个人是我们的老师。The bridge being repaired will be in use next month.正在修缮的大桥将于下一个月使用。名师点津动名词作定语表示用途，而不是正在进行着的动作。He is now in the sleeping car.He is now in the car for sleeping.他现在在卧车里。即时演练4(1)判断下列句中动词ing是动名词还是现在分词？He uses a walking stick to help keep the balance.动名词The men working here are all from the rural areas.现在分词(2)用所给动词的适当形式填空(山东高考改编)Theres
