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1、LectureOne EarlyLiterature THECOLONIALPERIOD 1620 1763 HistoricalBackground nativeinhabitants IndiansImmigrantsmostlyfromEurope Spanish Dutch FrenchFirstgroup 1580s 1600sEnglishimmigrantledbyJohnSmith settlinginJamestown Virginia 1607 NewEngland aimingatwealthandhappierlife HistoricalBackground Seco
2、ndGroup 1610s 1620sPre puritansasradicalmembersofChurchofEnglandMayFlowerin1620 PlymouthColony WilliamBradfordasgovernorThirdGroup after1620sJohnWinthrop Puritans MassachusettsBayColony themostinfluentialimmigration Generaldescription Documents utilitarian otherthanLiteraryCreationDesireforidentity
3、description definitionofanAmericannessCulturaldiversity theNorthvs theSouth CittyuponaHill vs valeofplenty twoearliestversionsoftheAmericandream TheSouthernColoniesincluded Maryland MD Virginia VA NorthCarolina NC SouthCarolina SC andGeorgia GA TheMiddlecoloniesincluded NewYork NY NewJersey NJ Delaw
4、are DE andPennsylvania PA Thenortherncoloniesincluded NewHampshire NH Massachusetts MASS RhodeIsland RI andConnecticut CONN Theoriginalnortherncoloniesincluded ProvidenceofNewHampshire MassachusettsBayCompany ProvidencePlantations ColonyofRhodeIsland andConnecticutColony 06 04 2006 8 06 04 2006 9 Ou
5、tlinebyRegion NewEnglandCongregationalistsRhodeIslandBaptistsMiddleColoniesQuakersMennonitesMoraviansLutheransPresbyteriansMarylandRomanCatholicSouthC NY etc Anglican TheSouth Planters CameforEconomicReasonsReligions mainlyAnglican BaptistFormedlargeplantations often100peoplelivingonthem Literature
6、moredescriptive lessreligiousinnatureOralliteratureofAfricanAmericans PlanterEliteoftheSouth ownersofthegreatplantations therichest mostpowerfulmeninthecoloniesElegantestatesrivaledthemansionsoftheEnglisharistocracyprivilegedcircledifficulttoenterPlanterelite narrowandexclusive manycharacteristicsof
7、anaristocracy MountVernon NorthernSociety WealthyclassalsodevelopedinthenorthMainlymerchantsinvolvedininternationaltradelesswealthythansouthernplantereliteeasiertoenterHardworking alittleluck rightcontacts andalotofdriveandnerve Bostonmerchant TheFrontier heavilyforested claimedbyIndians andfarfromp
8、rotectionofcolonialgovernmentsthechancetomanytobecomeanindependentfarmera criticalsafetyvalve forthediscontentedanddissatisfiedCreatedAmericantraditionofmovinginordertofindbetteropportunities GENERALFEATURES PropagandisticandutilitarianJohnSmith TheGeneralHistoryofVirginiaSt JeanCrevecoeur Lettersfr
9、omanAmericanFarmerPuritanicalelementsAnneBradstreet ToMyDearandLovingHusbandEdwardTaylor PreparatoryMeditationsJonathanEdwards SinnersintheHandofanAngryGodIndian Europeanconflict PURITANLITERATURE TheschismsoftheChristendom MaxWeber TheProtestantEthicandtheSpiritofCapitalism Puritanism Calvinism Pur
10、itanism abranchofCalvinismPuritans avariedgroupofreligiousreformerswithintheChurchofEngland godly puritan anepithetofcontempt Separatists theocracy 神权政体 after1660 dissenters Presbyterians 长老会 Congregationalists 公理会 Baptists 浸礼会 b Non separatist remainedwithintheChurchofEngland after1660 nonconformis
11、ts DoctrinesofPuritans takingreligionasthemostimportantthing livingforglorifyingGod Believing predestination 命运天定 originalsin 原罪 totaldepravity 人类是完全堕落的 所以人要处处小心自己的行为 要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝 limitedatonement the elect 有限救赎 只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救 WhatwasaNewEnglandPuritan Hewasavisionarywhoneverforgetsthattwoplust
12、woequalsfour hewasasoldierofJehovahwhocameoutonthelosingsideofabargain hewasapracticalidealist HecametoNewEnglandtofoundtheperfectsocietyandthekingdomoftheelectandneverexpectittobeperfect butonlythebestthatfalliblemencouldmake HiscreedwastherevealedwordofGodandhislifewastheruleofmoderation Hisbelief
13、swerehandeddownonhighandhisconductwasregulatedbyexpediency Hewasadoctrinaireandanopportunist PerryMiller AmericanPuritanism FeaturesofAmericanPuritan idealist dream theywouldbuildthenewlandtoanEdenonearth morepractical tougher thesevereconditions struggleforsurvival preoccupiedwithbusinessandprofits
14、 acodeofvaluesaphilosophyoflifeapointofview AmericanPuritanism 1 BasisofAmericanliterature wentintothemakingofAmericanliterature dreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderworkedwithcouragehopedtobuildanEdenofGardenonearthfacedtheworstoflifewithoptimism Allliteratureisbasedonamyth gardenofEden Enduringshaping
15、influenceonliterature AmericanPuritanism 2 ContributingtothedevelopmentofSymbolism atechnique widelyused Puritansthoughtthatallthesimpleobjectsexistingintheworldconnoteddeepmeaning Enduringshapinginfluenceonliterature AmericanPuritanism 3 Influencingthestyleofliterature simple fresh anddirect Protes
16、tantaestheticism GenevaBiblevs KJV WithoutunderstandingofPuritanism therecanbenogoodunderstandingofAmericancultureandliterature Enduringshapinginfluenceonliterature PuritanWriting ThePurposeofLiteratureistoEdify OfPlymouthPlantation PuritansinMass IsraelitesledbyMosesGod sprovidentialworkamongthecolonistsReminderofreligiousmission AModelofChristianCharity thehistoricalbackgroundofthefoundationoftheUnitedStateshope courage joyfulness confidence Cittyuponthehill notextendedtoIndians AnneBradstreet
