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1、LessonOneTheStepsInvolvedinaRoadConstructionProject Learningtasksfortoday AfterlearningLessonOne youwillbeableto I Graspthebasicframeworkofinternationalprojectmanagement II Understandthemajorstepsinvolvedinaroadconstructionproject III Grasptheexpressionsandtermsusedinthislesson IV TranslatesomeEngli
2、shphrasesandsentencesintoChineseandsomeChineseonesintoEnglishaccordingtothelesson Tocompeteforaninternationalconstructionproject thepotentialcontractorusuallyfollowthestepsbelow Buythetendering biddingdocumentsPreparethetender bidAwardofcontractContractagreementImplementationofthecontract Engineersi
3、nvolvedintheinternationalconstructionprojectsarerequiredtograsptheknowledgerelatedto Trade e g 3M manpower material machinery Finance e g currency Law e g claims arbitration Engineering e g highway bridge tunnel high risebuilding railway Textstudy Themajorstepsinaroadconstructionproject Therearemany
4、stepsinvolvedintheroadconstructionprocess involvingmanyteamsofpeopleandmuchorganization employer owner client consultant contractor surveyingengineer testengineer laborer etc Roadconstructionbroadlyencompassestheissuesrelevanttotheprocessofroadconstructionandmaintenance includingthedesign contractin
5、g implementation supervision andmaintenanceofroadsandrelatedstructures suchasbridgesandinterchanges Step1Planning toidentifytheneedsoftransportation RoadandbridgeconditionsTrafficvolumesCrashstatistics Step2Design tosurveyanddeterminealignment width thicknessetc Surveyequipment Tripod三脚架 Level水准仪 fo
6、relevation Theodolite经纬仪 forangle Totalstation全站仪 fordistance elevationandangle Laser激光测量仪 GPS全球定位仪 SevenFactorsinfluencingdesign LocationTerrainandsoilpropertiesDrainagecapabilities TrafficvolumeTrafficratio cars buses trucks PossiblefuturedevelopmentEffectsontheenvironmentornearbyresidents Step3Ea
7、rthwork toestablishastablefoundation CutandfillLevelthescreeneddirt CompactInstalldrainsandsewersPlacegravel Step4Paving topavetheroadwithasphalt bituminous orconcrete AsphaltpavementConcretepavement Step5OpentoTraffic AnotherdrainagetestGradingandlandscapingPermanentpavementmarkings Step6Maintenanc
8、e tokeeptheroadinproperworkingorder TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese asphaltpavementcivilworksconcreteslabconstructionsitecontractorcrackcutsandfillsearthworkembankment GlobalPositioningSystemshorizontalandverticalcurvatureinterchangelandsurveyorlandscapearchitectlasersurvey Translatethefollowi
9、ngtermsintoChinese pavement slifeexpectancyphotogrammetryplanningslopesoilproperties soilscientiststeeldowelutilitieswirebasket TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese 1 Theplanninganddesigningprocesscantakeseveralyearstocomplete 2 Thenthere sthephysicalconstruction which dependingonthesizeofthero
10、ad addsonanotherfewyears 3 Thisiswhereaboundaryorlandsurveyormaycomein especiallyintheeventofanewroadbeingdevelopedorlanesbeingaddedtoanexistingroad 4 Concretepavementusescementandwaterasthegluebetweensandandcrushedrock Workersplaceconcreteintosteelmoldscalledforms Translatethefollowingsentencesinto
11、English Rememberyouarerequiredtospeakoutyourtranslation 1 道路施工主要是指与道路修建和养护有关的步骤 包括道路及其相关结构如桥梁和立交的设计 招投标 施工 监管和养护 2 为了介绍 道路修筑的 基础知识 这里主要包括公共工程与私营项目 及相关的施工技术 3 接下来 平地机或推土机开始清理垃圾 平整场地 把隆起的地方铲掉 把低洼处填起来 这样平整出来的路基足以支承上面修筑起来的路面 使用寿命达几十年 4 GPS是美国从本世纪70年代开始研制 历时20年 耗资200亿美元 于1994年全面建成 具有在海 陆 空进行全方位实时三维导航与定位能
12、力的新一代卫星导航与定位系统 space basedglobalnavigationalandpositioningsystem GPS以全天候 高精度 自动化 高效益等显著特点 赢得广大测绘工作者的信赖 并成功地应用于大地测量 geodeticsurvey 工程测量 航空摄影测量 运载工具导航和管制 地壳运动 crustalmovement 监测 工程变形监测 资源勘察 动力学等多种学科 从而给测绘领域带来一场深刻的技术革命 GPSisaspace basedglobalnavigationalandpositioningsystem TheGPSprojectwasdevelopedin1
13、970sbytheU S andlastedfor2decades atthecostof 20 000million Itbecamefullyoperationalin1994 GPS foritshighaccuracyandbenefit aswellasautomationinallweather wasacclaimedbythesurveyingandmappingprofessionals Sinceitsinvention GPShascausedasurveyingrevolutionandisnowbeingusedinvariousfields includinggeo
14、deticsurvey engineeringsurvey aerialphotogrammetry carriernavigationandcontrol monitoringofcrustalmovementandengineeringprojectdeformation resourcesexploration anddynamics Assignment TranslatetheWHOLEtextintoChinese Eachgrouptranslatesonepart Memorizethewordsandphrasesyouhavelearnedtoday Iwillcheckifyouhaveborntheminmindatthebeginningofnextclass
