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1、 EdwinArlingtonRobinson 1869 1935 RobinsonisthefirstimportantpoetofthetwentiethcenturyPoetoftransitionPulitzerPrizewinnerforthreetimes EdwinArlingtonRobinsonwasbornonDecember22 1869 inHeadTide Maine HisfamilymovedtoGardiner Maine in1870 whichrenamed TilburyTown becamethebackdropformanyofRobinson spo
2、ems Biography Robinsondescribedhischildhoodasstarkandunhappy BornandraisedinMainetoawealthyfamily hewastheyoungestofthreesonsandnotgroomedtotakeoverthefamilybusiness Instead hepursuedpoetrysincechildhood joiningthelocalpoetrysocietyasitsyoungestmember Biography HeattendedHarvard buthispersonallifewa
3、ssoonbesetbyachainoftragediesthatarereflectedinhiswork Hisfatherdied thefamilywentbankrupt oneofhisbrothersbecameamorphineaddict andhismothercontractedandeventuallydiedfromblackdiphtheria Biography RobinsonspenttwoyearsstudiedatHarvardUniversityasaspecialstudentandhisfirstpoemswerepublishedintheHarv
4、ardAdvocate Robinsonprivatelyprintedandreleasedhisfirstvolumeofpoetry TheTorrentandtheNightBefore in1896athisownexpense Shortlyafter hemetawoman EmmaShepherd withwhomhefelldeeplyinlove buthewasalsoconvincedthatmarriageandfamilialresponsibilitieswouldhinderhisworkasapoet soheintroducedhertohiseldestb
5、rother whomarriedher Biography Unabletomakealivingbywriting hegotajobasaninspectorfortheNewYorkCitysubwaysystem In1902hepublishedCaptainCraigandOtherPoems ThisworkreceivedlittleattentionuntilPresidentTheodoreRooseveltwroteamagazinearticlepraisingitandRobinson RooseveltalsoofferedRobinsonasinecureina
6、U S CustomsHouse ajobheheldfrom1905to1910 Robinsondedicatedhisnextwork TheTownDowntheRiver 1910 toRoosevelt Robinson sfirstmajorsuccesswasTheManAgainsttheSky 1916 Forthelasttwenty fiveyearsofhislife RobinsonspenthissummersattheMacDowellColonyofartistsandmusiciansinPeterborough NewHampshire Robinsonn
7、evermarriedandledanotoriouslysolitarylifestyle Biography HewonthePulitzerPrize 普利策奖 forPoetrythreetimes in1922forhisfirstCollectedPoems in1925forTheManWhoDiedTwice andin1928forTristram Withhisevenstartingtodrinkagain claimingthathewasdoingittoprotestProhibition Hepublishedregularlyuntilthedayhedied
8、inNewYorkCityin1935 HediedinNewYorkCityonApril6 1935 new foundfameandfortune hemadearadicalchangeinhislifestyletoo tendingtohimself Biography HisWorksCollectionofpoetry 1896TheTorrentandtheNightBefore急流与昨夜1897TheChildrenoftheNight夜之子1910TheTownDowntheRiver河下游的城镇1916TheManAgainsttheSky天边人影TriologyofA
9、rthurianpoem Merlin墨林Lancelot朗塞洛Tristram特里斯丹 poems TheGloryoftheNightingales夜莺的荣耀1930年KingJasper贾斯珀国王1935年TheHouseontheHill山巅之屋MiniverCheevy米尼弗 契维 Robinson sWritingStyle Robinson spoetrywasstylisticallysimpleandneat anditfitsthecommonpreconceptionthateveryoneseemstothinkofwhentheyheartheword poetry
10、Itrhymes withbasicrhymeschemes hassimplefeetandmeter andhasaconsciouslylyrical musicalconstruction Itisdividedintosegments usuallyofquatrainsorsomeotherpoeticconvention Intermsofform RobinsonowesmuchmoretohisEnglishpoeticalpioneerssuchShakespeare BenJohnson andJohnMiltonthantothosewhowerehisAmerican
11、poeticcontemporaries writerssuchasWaltWhitmanandWallaceStevens whowereintroducingnewstylesrootedinfreeverse Robinson swritingwasforevershapedbytheconflictsandproblemsofhislifeandthelivesofthosearoundhim Mostofthesecharacters DuringhisformativeyearsgrowingupinGardiner mostofthemresideinfictionalNewEn
12、glandareasinpersonalfailure frustrateddesires andsimplebadluck Thebestexamplesofthese burnedout charactersarethesubjectsofRobinson stwomostoftenreprintedpoems RichardCory and MiniverCheevy Thisveryreal life non romantictakeatwriting especiallyintherealmofpoetry wasananomalyinthetimeofWhitmans andEme
13、rsons Thesewriterswrote personal piecesthatweremoreidealisticandtheoreticalthantrulypersonal Robinson swritingsweretrueexercisesinpersonalexpression Hiswritingsweretryingtoexpressthingsandtruthsthathehadseen ideasthathebelievedin asopposedtosimplybeingavehicleforthinlydisguisedlifelessons Robinson s
14、real lifealcoholismin MiniverCheevy and Mr Flood sParty weretherealoflife notthepolishedcelebrationoflifethatwascommoninothers works RichardCory理查德 科里 WheneverRichardCorywentdowntown WepeopleonthepavementlookedathimHewasagentlemanfromsoletocrown Cleanfavored andimperiallyslim Andhewasalwaysquietlyar
15、rayed Andhewasalwayshumanwhenhetalked Butstillheflutteredpulseswhenhesaid Good morningandheglitteredwhenhewalked 理查德 科里一到街头 行人总要注目瞻望 一派君子风度 眉清目秀 伟岸颀长 举止谦和沉稳 谈吐文雅大方 一声 早安 令人怦然心动 他迈开步子溢彩流光 他有富可敌国的家产 他有全知全能的教养 他是万民效仿的标准 他是大众追求的榜样 人们不停劳作 苦苦盼望 一日三餐只有难吃的粗粮 可他在一个平静的夏夜回到家里 用一颗子弹打碎自己的脑浆 Andhewasrich yes rich
16、erthanaking Andadmirablyschooledineverygrace Infine wethoughtthathewaseverythingTomakeuswishthatwewereinhisplace Soonweworked andwaitedforthelight Andwentwithoutthemeat andcursedthebread AndRichardCory onecalmsummernight Wenthomeandputabulletthroughhishead RichardCory Arichchilde贵公子 Itwasfirstpublishedin1897 aspartofTheChildrenoftheNight havingbeencompletedinJulyofthatyear andremainsoneofRobinson smostpopularandanthologizedpoems Duringthecompositionofthepoem theUSeconomywasstillsufferingfromthes
