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1、句型转换专练 知识点1：肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的转换做题技巧总结：把各种句式归为两大类：1、含有be动词、助动词和情态动词的句子；2、只有行为动词的句子。 总结：第1类句子，肯定句改为否定句时，一律在be动词、助动词和情态动词后加“not”。改为一般疑问句时，一律将be动词、助动词和情态动前移到句首（首字母大写）。肯定回答用“Yes”； 否定回答用“No”。“Yes”或“No”后面的主语必须用代词，“No”后面必须用否定缩略式。第2类句子必须借助助动词do/does/did。改为否定句，在行为动词前加dont（一般现在时，主语是除第三人称单数之外的人称和数时）；doesnt（一般现在时，主
2、语是第三人称单数时）；didnt（一般过去时态）。 改为一般疑问句时，在句首加Do/Does/Did。肯定回答用“Yes”，后面动词用do/does/ did；否定回答用“No”，后面动词用dont/doesnt/didnt。知识点2：特殊疑问句的转换做题技巧总结：把句子转换为特殊疑问句，首先要确定划线部分的“疑问词”，人、物、时间、地点、原因、数量等分别用： who, whom, whose, what, when, where, why, how, how many, how much, how often, how old, how long等。将相对应的疑问词放在句首，其余部分改为一般
3、疑问句的形式，就是特殊疑问句。改完后要注意检查句首的首字母大写和句尾的标点符号。尤其注意：how many对可数名词的量提问；how much对不可数名词的量或者对重量提问；how often对频率提问，需要与how many times区分清楚；how many times是对划线部分只有次数的情况下提问；how long是对时间段进行提问；而how soon是对in+时间段提问，“多久”。这些考点是学生在做题过程中的易错点。知识点3：选择疑问句和反意疑问句的转换做题技巧总结：改为选择疑问句时，只需注意根据句子的内容 用“or”连接两个并列的成分就可以了；反意疑问句的结构是“陈述句简短问句”
4、， 必须记住：“前面肯定；后面否定”和 “前面否定；后面肯定”的规律和简短问句的主语必须用代词的要求。知识点4：祈使句和感叹句的转换做题技巧总结：改为祈使句，必须记住：肯定的祈使句，是原形动 词开头，否定的祈使句是“Dont”开头，后跟原形动词。（主语是I或we时，句子开头用let me或lets）。改为感叹句，必须记住，强调的是名词，句首用What，What后的名词前可以有形容词；强调的是形容词或副词，句首用 How，后面必须紧跟形容词或副词。知识点5：主动语态变为被动语态做题技巧总结：准确判定句子成分，找出句中的主语和宾语谓语动词变为“be+动词的过去分词”形式，这里的be除了与原句在时态
5、上保持一致外，还要与句子的人称和数保持一致。知识点6：同义句转换同义句转换考察形式比较多样，可采用以下方法：（一）替代法 1、同义词（短语）2、反义词（短语）3、短语替代从句 （二）合并法 1、并列连词 2、从属连词 3、直接引语变间接引语 （三）转换法 1、句型转换 2、语态转换 （四）综述法做题技巧总结：用同义词、同义短语或反义词、反义短语等来替代原句中的有关部分，使改写后的句子与原句意思相符。 1、用同义词（短语）替代 1) My father and mother are judges. My parents are judges. 2) We have friends all ove
6、r the world. We have friends throughout the world. 3) We had a good time at the party. We enjoyed ourselves at the party.2、用反义词（短语）替代1) Dont forget to lock the door. Remember to lock the door. 2) My radio doesnt work well. Something is wrong with my radio. 3) Things weigh heavier on the earth than o
7、n the moon. Things are lighter on the moon than on the earth.3、用短语替代从句 如果原句含有状语从句、宾语从句等，改写后的句子 中可用介词短语或不定式短语等来替代。1) When he was twelve, Edison began working. At the age of twelve, Edison began working. 2) We cant finish the work if you dont help us. We cant finish the work without your help.（二）合并法1、
8、用并列连词将两个单词合并为一个新的复合句或单句，句子仍保持原意。常用的并列连词有bothand, neithernor, not onlybut also, eitheror等。1) France is in Europe. Sweden is also in Europe. Both France and Sweden are in Europe.2) He cant sing. He cant dance, either. He can neither sing nor dance.2、用从属连词将两个单句合并为一个复句。常用的从属连词有sothat, so that, notuntil,
9、 as soon as, i等。 1) The maths problem was very difficult. No one could work it out. The maths problem was so difficult that no one could work it out. 2) The teacher came in. And then the students stopped talking. The students did not stop talking until the teacher came in.3、直接引语变间接引语也用合并法。如果直接引语是陈述句
10、或疑问句，变为间接引语时则要用连词（if / whether是否）； 如果直接引语为祈使句则变为间接引语为tell/ ask/ order sb. (not) to do sth.形式。1) “Have you ever been to China?” John asked Joan.John asked Joan if / whether she had been to China. 2) “Dont make faces in class!” the teacher said to the student. The teacher told the student not to make
11、faces in class.（三）转换法通过能够表示同一意义的不同句型、句式的转 换来达到改写句子的目的。1、句型转换 初中常见的几种转换句型有： sb. spend some time/money doing sth.与It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.的转换； tooto与sothatcant do sth.的转换；tooto与notenough to do sth.的转换。 1) I spent half an hour working out the maths problem. It took me half an hour to wor
12、k out the maths problem. 2) She was too frightened to say a word. She was so frightened that she could not say a word. 3) He is too young to join the army. He is not old enough to join the army.2、语态的转换1) Tom invited Mary to have dinner with him.Mary was invited by Tom to have dinner with him.2) She
13、couldnt keep back her tears when Tom took her model planes away. She couldnt help crying when her planes were taken away by Tom.（四）综述法通过在逻辑思维的基础上，对原句（一般是两个句子）的意思重新进行概括地表述。1) Toms mother is fifty. Jacks mother is fifty, too. Jacks mother is as old as Toms. 2) Xiao Ming was born in 1991. I was born in
14、 1992. Xiao Ming is one year older than I.二、专题精讲例题1: There is some milk in the glass.（改为否定句）答案：There isnt any milk in the glass. / There is no milk in the glass.解析：原句中含有be动词，故否定形式在be动词后加not，此外除了要正确使用谓语动词的否定形式外，还要将句中的some变为any，将something变为anything。本题中还应注意not any=no，故答案可以有两种形式。例题2: This dress cost her
15、 90 yuan. （改为一般疑问句）答案：Did this dress cost her 90 yuan?解析：首先由原句中的主语this dress为第三人称单数和谓语cost判断出原句时态为过去时，所以改为一般疑问句应用did提问，cost原形与过去式一致。例题3: The car hit the big tree yesterday.（改为反义疑问句）答案：The car hit the big tree yesterday, didnt it ?解析：遵循反义疑问句“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，此句疑问部分用否定形式；原句谓语hit为一般过去时，所以正确答案为didnt it?例题4: The TV play is really wonderful. （改为感叹句）答案：How wonderful the TV play is! 解析：将陈述句变为感叹句先要确定用what还是how开头。如果强调部分的中心词是名词，就用what；若是形容词或者副词，则要用how。本句中主语前的词可判断出是形容词，故用how开头。例题5: I collect toys because
