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1、 贷 款 损 失 控 制造成贷款损失的主要原因1. Inattention to loan policies2. Overly generous loan terms and lack of clear standards3. Disregard of banks own policies4. Unsafe concentration of credit5. Poor control over loan personnel6. Loan growth beyond the banks ability to control quality7. Poor systems for detecting
2、 loan problems8. Lack of understanding of borrowers cash needs9. Out-of-market lending10. Collateral overvalued; improperly margined and failure to get appraisal11. Dispersal of funds before documentation finished12. Officer making “good ole boy”loans, bypassing the loan committee, personal friendsh
3、ip of loan officer with borrower13. Loan to a new business with an inexperienced owner-manager14. Renewing a loan for increasing amounts, with no additional collateral taken15. Repeatedly rewriting loan to cover delinquent interest due16. Not analyzing borrowers cash flows and repayment capacity17.
4、Failure of officer to review loans status frequently enough18. Funds not applied as represented, diverted to borrowers personal use19. Funds used out of banks market area; poor communications with borrower20. Repayment plan not clear or not stated on the face of the note21. Failure to receive or inf
5、requent receipt of borrowers financial statements22. Failure to realize on collateral because borrower raised nuisance legal defenses23. Banks failure to follow its own written policies and procedures24. Bank president too dominant in pushing through loan approvals25. Ignoring overdraft situation as
6、 a tip-off to borrowers major financial problems26. Failure to inspect borrowers business premises27. Lending against fictitious book net worth of business, with no audit or verification of borrowers financial statements28. Failure to get or ignoring negative credit bureau reports or other credit re
7、ferences29. Failure to call loan or to move against collateral quickly when deterioration becomes obviously hopelessLoan review: a regularly reviewing after the loan have made（1）To reduce loan losses and monitor loan quality（2）To detect actual or potential problem loans as early as possible（3）To pro
8、vide an incentive for loan officers to monitor loans and to report deterioration in their own loans（4）To enforce uniform documentation（5）To ensure that loan policies, bankinglaws, and regulations are followed（6）To inform management and the board about the overall condition of the loan portfolio（7）To
9、 aid in establishing loan loss reserveLoan review procedures（1）Financial conditions and repayment ability of the borrower（2）Completeness of documentation（3）Consistency with the loan policy（4）Perfection of the security interest on collateral（5）Legal and regulatory compliance（6）Apparent profitabilityC
10、orrecting problem loans（1）Any unexplained change in the borrowers attitude toward the loan officer（2）Unexpected declines in borrowers deposit balances and the occurrence of overdraft（3）Late payment of principal and interest（4）Abnormal delays by the borrower in submitting periodic financial statement
11、s（5）Disturbing trends in financial statements（6）Management turnover（7）Cancellation of insurance（8）Security interest filed against the borrower by other creditors（9）Notice of lawsuit, tax liens, or other legal action against the borrower（10）Deteriorating relations with trade supplies（11）Death or illn
12、ess of principals（12）Marital difficulties of principals（13）Loss of key source of revenue（14）Deterioration of labor relations（15）Natural disaster（16）Rapid growth贷款分级制度贷款级别检查周期贷款性质特别说明 A 360天 顶级1. Unsecured loans to very substantial companies with unquestionable financial strength2. Loans adequately s
13、ecured by surrender value, government bond, Cds, or savings accounts3. Loans well secured by listed stocks B 180天 良好1. Loans where the risk is reasonable but the overall situation is less desirable than grade A2. Loans adequately secured by listed stocks3. Loans generously secured by receivables, in
14、ventory, and other readily marketable collateral C 90天 一般1. Loans that require more than average service and attention to collateral and financial information or counseling2. Loans for which collateral values are less than standard3. Loans that are not conforming to the repayment schedule but are not seriously past due. Credit- worthiness of collateral values are evidence D 30天 差1. Unusually high classified that require constant supervision
