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1、中庸 论语TheDoctrineoftheMean TheConfucianAnalects EL111谢冰玉 中庸TheDoctrineoftheMean TheDoctrineoftheMeanisanotheressayinTheBookofRites 礼记 AsisterchaptertoTheGreatLerning 大学 isabouttheConfucianismphilosophyoflife AccodingtotheConfucianscholarsoftheSongDynasty whileTheGreatlearningisagatewaytoperfectvirtue
2、 TheDoctrineoftheMeanteachesthewaysoftheworld ZhongyongortheMean atypicalConfucianconcept iscomposedoftwoChinesecharaters Zhongmeansneithertoomanynottoofew neithertoomuchnortoolittle andyongmeansneitheroutstatndingnorcommon Therefore accordingtotheConfucianscholars whatevertheydoandwhomevertheyhappe
3、ntodealwith peopleshouldalwaysadheretothisprinciple Thisisthespirtofthehappymedium whichisindeedthehighestprincipleofConfucianismregardingthewaysoflife Thebook writtenintheearlyHanDynasty wassaidtobecomposedbyZisi agrandsonofConfucius anditwaslaterpasseddowntoMencius ZhuXidividedthebookinto33chapter
4、s ThefirstchapterisPandect 总论 Accordingtothebook loyalty filialpiety benevolenceandloveareallparthumannature Everythingwillbefineprovidedpeople letnaturetakeitscourse However thefactisnoteverybodycandoso Thereforeitisnecessaryforpeopletoreceiveeducation andtrytoperfectthemselves Ifeveryonemakesstric
5、tdemandsonhimself herself anddoseeverythingaccordingtotheConfucianrites thentherelationsbetweenthekingandtheminister thefatherandthesonwilleventuallybeharmonized andthesocietywillgosmoothly Thisiswhatiscalledthe ConfucianWayoftheHeart Unfortunatelythisisnoteasilyachievedinthereallife Asaresult anewc
6、onceptchengorsincerityisputforwardinTheDoctrineofehMean whichisalsoregardedaspartofhumannature Ifpeoplearealwayssincerebycultivatingthemselves Onlythiscan helpthemtofollwotherightway thatis thegoldenmean 中庸节选 天命之谓性 率性之谓道 修道之谓教 WhatHeavenhasconferrediscalledTheNature anaccordancewiththisnatureiscalle
7、dThePathofduty theregulationofthispathiscalledInstruction 道也者 不可须臾离也 可离非道也 是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹 恐惧乎其所不闻 莫见乎隐 莫显乎微 故君子慎其独也 Thepathmaynotbeleftforaninstant Ifitcouldbeleft itwouldnotbethepath Onthisaccount thesuperiormandoesnotwaittillheseesthings tobecautious nortillhehearsthings tobeapprehensiveThereisnothin
8、gmorevisiblethanwhatissecret andnothingmoremanifestthanwhatisminute Thereforethesuperiormaniswatchfuloverhimself whenheisalone 论语TheConfucianAnalects TheConfucianAnalectsorTheAnalectsisacollectionofthesayingsandteachingsofConfuciusandhisdisciples ItwascomplesmadeaccordingtotheanswerstheMastergavetot
9、heirquestions DuringtheHanDynasty thereweretwoversionsofTheAnalects theOldTextsandtheNewTexts Theoldversionswascomposedof21chapters andtherewereasmanyasthreeNewTextsversions theQiversionof20chapters theLuversionof20chaptersandananonymousversionof19chapters allofwhicharenonexistenttoday Thepresent da
10、yAnalectsisbasedontheLuvision whichembodiestheConfucianconceptofrenorhumanlityorbenevolence Renisrichincontent andvariedinform Thecoreoftheconceptis Thebenevolentloveothers oruniversallove whichisthebasicvirtueofagentlemanofnoblecharacter Confuciusbelievesthatbeingbenevolentdoesnotmeanbeingwithoutpr
11、inciples Oneshouldbeclearaboutwahttoloveorhate Rencomesfromlearningandself cultivation itcanbeseenfromaperson sappearance Sureenoughliorritesandyue Withoutren lioryuewouldbemeaningless Apartfromren Confuciusputforwardanotherconcept whichisyiorrighteousness Yiisthecoddsofconductunderthe theguidanceof
12、ren Whilethegentlemancherishesarespectforthelaw thesmallmancherishesgeneroustreatment Inshort TheAnalectsisterseandrefinedinlanguage andrichanvariedinform 论语选句 吾日三省吾身 为人谋 而不忠乎 与朋友交 而不信乎 传 不习乎 EverydayIexaminemyselfonthesethreepoints inactingonbehalfofothers haveIalwaysbeenloyaltotheirinterests Inint
13、ercoursewithmyfriends haveialwaysbeentruetomyword Haveifailedtorepeatthepreceptsthathavebeenhandeddowntome 夫子温 良 恭 俭 让以得之 政policy Ourmastergetsthingsbybeingcordial frank courteous temperate deferential ThatisourMaster swayofenquiring averydifferentmatter 礼之用 和为贵 Intheusagesofritualitisharmonythatisprized 学而不思则罔 思而不学则殆 Hewholearnsbutdoesnotthink islost Hewhothinksbutdoesnotlearnisingreatdanger 见义不为 无勇也 Toseewhatisrightandnotdoitiscowardice
