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1、 WhytheMonarchyMustStay Britainisarguablytheoldestrepresentativedemocracyintheworld RepresentativeDemocracyandalsoknownasParliamentaryDemocracy 议会制民主 Monarch ConstitutionalMonarchy 君主立宪制 TheQueenisthechiefofthestate butwithoutrealpower Theheydayoftheirempire WinstonChurchilloftendescribedparliamenta
2、rydemocracyandconstitutionalmonarchyasbeingimperfect butthebestthatmanhadyetdevised Itishumannaturetorequirealeaderatthehelm Inourcenturywehavelookedtoourheadsofstateforthisrole Apartfromcarryingoutceremonialduties aheadofstateshouldfosterthenotionofpoliticalaccountability whileremainingabovepolitic
3、s That ofcourse can tbetrueinplaceswheretheheadofstateisanex politician orinAmerica wheretheheadofstateisthepoliticalleader TheBritishsystemofcon stitutionalmonarchy likethemorethanhalf dozenmonarchiesstillinexistenceinEurope aptlyshowswhyamonarchisamoresuccessfulfigureheadthanapresident 当然 在首脑是个不折不
4、扣的政治家 或是美国 首脑就是政治领导者这样的地方 上述情况根本不可能 像在欧洲仍然存在的其它几个王朝一样 英国的君主立宪制恰当地展示了作为挂名领袖为何君主比总统更成功 InGreatBritainthingsthatareconventionalbecomehabitual andthingsthatarehabitualbecomeconstitutional 在英国约定俗成的事情会变成习惯 习惯了的事情则变成宪法的规定 wroteAmericanhistorianGeorgeBrintonCooper40yearsago InBritainthemonarchremainsverymuc
5、hattheheartofitsConstitution Asconstitutionalmonarch QueenElizabethIIholdspowersthatmaysurprisemany Shecanchooseaprimeminister dissolveParliamentanddeclarewar Dissolve causetobreakup declarevoidE g ThePresidentdissolvedtheparliamentandcalledfornewelectionsThemilitarygovernmentdissolvedthecountry spa
6、rliament 军政府解散了该国的议会 Inreality shewaivesthesepowersandisboundbytraditiontoaccepttheadviceofParliament Thissystempreventspoliticiansfromtooeasilyusurpingpowerand itmaybeargued haspreventedadictatorfromdominatingGreatBritainsinceOliverCromwell sshortruleinthe17thcentury Waive giveuptherightwillingly弃权
7、放弃Hedidn twaivehisrightinthismatter 在这个问题上 他没有放弃权利 Boundvbind受管束 受约束 beboundbyconvention受公约约束Usurpvseizepowerwithoutauthority篡夺 篡权king syoungerbrotherusurpedthethrone killingbrother国王的弟弟弥若兹篡夺了王位 杀害兄长 Itisoneofthegreatstrengthsofmonarchythatithasnevertakensidesinanypoliticaldebate thatitshowsitself a
8、saninstitution tobeeven handed ThisapoliticalstancehasmadeitpossibleforthepoliticalcultureofGreatBritaintoassimilate withrelativeease theoriesthatwouldappearonthefaceofthingstoberadicallyatoddswithasystemofmonarchicalgovernment 君主制的长处之 在于它从来不参与任何党派竞争 作为一种机制 它显示了自己的不偏不倚 这种漠不关心政治的态度使得英国的政治文化能够相对轻松地融合其
9、它理论 尽管这些理论表面看来与君主制的政府有着激烈的冲突 forexample socialism Monarchyinthiscenturyhasworkedwithsocialistgovernmentsaseffectivelyaswiththosewhosepoliticsonemightchoosetothinkweremoresympathetictotheinstitution例如社会主义 同那些政治活动与此机构更和谐的政党相比 在这个世纪君主制与社会主义政党的合作同样实际有效 atoddswith 意见不一致 与 不和Hisbehaviorisatoddswithhispers
10、onality 他的行为与他的个性不符 Ifoneweretojettisonthemonarchy government Parliament thenationandthecommonwealthwouldbeturnedupsidedown EverynutandboltofeveryoneofBritain smajorinstitutionswouldhavetobealteredtomakewayforchange Bearinmindthateveryorganfromthepostofficetothearmedservicesactswithauthorityfromthem
11、onarch ThetroopsthataresenttoBosniaandthelettersthatarriveinone sletterboxarealleffectivelyHerMajesty s 如果人们要放弃君主制 那么政府 议会 国家乃至整个英联邦都会被彻底颠覆 英国主要机构中每个细节都将因为巨变而改变 请记住 从邮局到武装军队的每一机构都行使着来自君主的权力 派往波黑去的军队以及人们信箱里的信件都属于女王陛下jettison throwaway投弃ShouldNASAjettisontheshuttleandstationrightaway NASA是否现在就该放弃航天飞机与
12、太空站的计画呢 nutandbolt specificdetail 具体细节 基本要素 Thisisasystemthathasshownitselftowork andit sgenerallyagreedthatifsomethingworks itshouldberetained Anyreplacementwouldberuinouslycostly bothinfinancialtermsandalsointermsofthelossofaunifyingnationalsymbolandavitalhistoricallink Onlyamonarchycanprovidesuch
13、continuity remainingconstantinacountry sever changingnationalvision 这种制度已证明可行 而且通常人们认为如果某事可行 它就应该被保留下来 无论是财政方面还是在失去统一的民族特征乃至关重要的历史环节方面来说 任何一种替代都将损失巨大 只有君主制才能赋予这样的连续性 在英国国民不断变化的眼光中 忠于职守 始终不变 Britishmonarchyhasservedboththeempireandthecommon wealthwithgreatdistinction ItiseasytoforgetinGreatBritaintha
14、tQueenElizabethisheadofstatenotonlyofonesmallislandnation butalsoofthe53nationsofthecommonwealth withacombinedpopula tionof1 5billion Inshort sheisheadofstatetomorethanonequar teroftheearth sinhabitants 英国君主制在服务于英帝国及英联邦方面颇县盛名 在英国 人们容易忘记伊莉莎白不仅是一个小岛国的元首 并且是英联邦53个国家及地区的无首 人口总数达到15亿 简而言之 她是地球上超过1 4居民的元首
15、 Assuch shefliestheworldnurturingasenseofunitybetweennations Fromthisfollowstrade andavitaleco nomicboosttothenation sindustryandcommerce Athome monar chyisatthecenterofamultimillion dollartouristindustry AndElizabethIIdonatesmorethan 90millionayeartothetreasury Monarchyaddsdignityandhistoricalrelev
16、ancetoallstateoccasions andtherecanbenodoubtthatitisstillmoreimpressivetobemetbyamonarchthanbyapresident 正如所指 她飞遍世界 培养联邦国家之间的团结 紧接着是贸易 以及对国家工业和商业必不可少的经济宣传 在国内 君主制成为数以百万美元计的旅游业中心 伊莉莎白二世每年为此项财富吸引九千多万美元 在各种全国性的场合 君主制都增添了自尊感和历史联想 毫无疑问 被君主召见比被总统召见更令人激动 Andyetmonarchyisthreatenedbecausetheideaofrepublicanismseemsmoredemocraticandlessovertlyhierarchical Afterthe annushor ribilis Camillagate Squidgygate andotherroyalantics supportforthemonarchyinGreatBritaindroppedto38percent Yetthesepollresultsstemlarg
