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1、Unit1ABriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdom ToTestYourself WhatisthefullnameoftheBritishstate Whatcountriesdoesitconsistof WhatisthetotalpopulationoftheUnitedKingdom Aloose andvoluntary organizationexistsamongthecountriesthatusedtobepartoftheBritishEmpire Whatistheorganizationcalled WhendidtheU K beco
2、meamemberoftheEuropeanUnion Officialname theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland ThedefinitionoftheUK GreatBritain theBritishIsles England Scotland WalesNorthernIreland GreatBritainIrelandhundredsofsmallones TheUK GreatBritain TheBritishIsles Languagepoints1 Acomplicatedcountrywithacomplica
3、tedname Twolargeislandsseveralsmallonestwostates TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland England WalesScotland BritishIsles theUK GreatBritain NationalEmblem UnionJack NationalFlag Nationalanthem Godsavethequeen 如在位的是男性君主 国歌改为 Godsavetheking Nationalflower Rose Nationalbird 红胸鸲 redbreast ro
4、bin 1 EnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain Itisthelargest mostpopuloussection 2 ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain Capital Edinburgh 3 WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain Capital Cardiff 4 NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK Capital Belfast Edinburgh capitalofScotland Cardiff capitalofWales Engla
5、nd Scotland Wales RepublicofIreland NorthernIreland London capitalofEngland Belfast capitalofNorthernIreland Dublin capitalofRepublicofIreland 1 ThedaysofempireendedafterWorldWarII Buttherearecloserelationshipswhichexistwiththe50ormorecoloniesofthatempire andwhichmaintainlinksthroughCommonwealthofNa
6、tions 二战后 帝国主义时代过去了 但是大英帝国的50多个殖民地之间仍然有着紧密的联系 这种联系主要通过英联邦这个组织来维系 2 IthasgreateffectsonthemakeupoftheBritishpopulation 对英国的人口构成有着很大的影响BecauseoftheimmigrationfromIndia Pakistan orCaribbeancountriesinthe1950sand1960s 1in20arenon Europeanethnicity 由于在20世纪50 60年代 来自印度 巴基斯坦或位于西印度群岛与中南美洲海域的加勒比国家大量涌入英国 现在1
7、20的英国人是非欧洲血统的人 2 Theeffectsofitsimperialpast 3 Racial gender class regionalandeconomicdifferencesinthesociety 1 amulti racialsociety mostareChristiansandbecauseofimmigration manyareMuslims 2 genderdifference maleandfemalelivedifferentlives3 classdifference theclassstructureofUKsocietyisrelativelyobv
8、ious Awhite collarworker slivesareverydifferentfromablue collarworker s Economicandregionaldifferencewithineachofthe4countries 1 differencebetweenhighlandandlowlandScots2 differencebetweennorthernandsouthernEngland Southisonaveragemorewealthierthanthenorth 4 AsignificantroleofLondon 1 capitalcity2 i
9、nthesouth largestcityinthecountry 1 7ofthenation spopulation3 culturecenter4 businesscenter5 financialcenter oneofthe3majorinternationalfinancialcentersintheworld anothertwoareNewYorkandHongKong 6 long standinghistoricalroleintheUK England 1 AculturalandeconomicdominanceofUK1 London dominantintheUKi
10、ngovernment financeandculture2 England sdominanceinsize largestofthe4nationswithlargestpopulationisreflectedinaculturalandeconomicdominanceResult peopleinforeigncountriesandEnglishpeoplesometimesmistakeEnglandforU Kintheirtalks 2 TheconquestofBritain Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasions 1 Before
11、the1stcenturyADBritishwasmadeupofmanytribalkingdomsofCelticpeople 2 In43ADBritishwasinvadedbytheRomanEmpire andbecamepartoftheRomanEmpirefornearly400years 3 ThenitcameunderthreatfromGermanicpeoples theAngles andtheSaxon 4 Fromthelate8thcenturyon raidersfromScandinavia theferociousVikingsthreatenedBr
12、itain sshores KingAlfredthegreatturnedthetideinthesouthagainsttheVikings 5 ThenextinvadersweretheFrench speakingNormans fromnorthernFrance whoweredescendantsofVikings WilliamtheConquerorin1066crossedtheEnglishChannel andbecameWilliamtheFirstofEngland 3 Legends 1 KingArthurandhisRoundTable givingknig
13、htsequalprecedence 优越 andshowingknights demandforamoredemocraticsystem DuringAnglo Saxon sinvasion 2 RobinHoodhidintheforest rebelledagainstNormansandrobbedfromtherichtogivetothepoor DuringtheperiodofNormanrule aCLUEtotheEnglishCharacter arichlyunconventionalinteriorlifehiddenbyanexternalconformity
14、体现英国人个性的迹象 表面上似乎一致 但实际上保持着一种强烈的独特的生活方式 4 Parliament sdominanceoverthethrone 1 ThenextfewhundredyearsfollowingtheNormaninvasion jointogetherthevariouspartsoftheBritishIsleunderEnglishRule unitethekingdominternallyandexternally2 Powergraduallytransferredfromthemonarchtotheparliament CharlestheFirst sa
15、ttempttooverruleparliamentinthe1640sledtoacivilwarinwhichparliamentaryforceswerevictorious andthekingwasexecutedin1649 Englandwasruledbyparliament sleader OliverCromwellfor11years In1660 thesonofCharlesIrestoredthemonarchyandwascalledCharlesII ruled1660 1685 thatis Restoration Furtherconflictsbetwee
16、nparliamentandthekingledtoremovaloftheScottishhouseofStuartandthefinalestablishmentofparliament sdominanceoverthethronein1689 JamesII 1685 1689 wastheyoungerbrotherofCharlesII AfterJamesIIwasoverthrown hisdaughteranddaughter shusbandMaryandWilliamwereimportedfromHollandtotakethethrone 1688 the BloodlessRevolution or GloriousRevolution Finallyestablishingparliament sdominanceoverthethrone Scotland BasicfactsaboutScotland1 Scotlandisthemostconfidentofitsownidentitybecauseithaspreviouslyspentasubst
