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1、HYDROGENGASFROM PONDSCUM UsingGreenAlgaetoCreateSustainableEnergy ReachingfortheStars FindinganefficientandrenewablemethodofproducingHydrogengashasbeenagoalforthoseseekingacleanandefficientwaytogenerateaplethoraofheatandelectricity Sustainability Anenergyproducingresourceisconsideredsustainableifitc
2、anbeproducedandusedeconomicallyandsafely whilemeetingthedemandsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstodothesame Accordingly theresourcemustbereplenishableandhaveaminimalimpactontheenvironment Sustainableenergyresourcesarenowrecognizedasthemoretheefficientwaytoproduceenergy Sus
3、tainableSystemsTheoryI Strikingasustainableequilibriumbetweenthesesystemshasbeenachallengefacedbyallcivilizationsbecauseeachsystemhasadifferentgoalorstatustoachieve Whenthegoalsofthesespherescollideinopposition itleadstoenvironmentaldegradationandadeclineinthequalityoflife SustainableSystemsTheoryII
4、 Underthisview theecosystemprovidesecologicallimitsforboththesocialandeconomicsystems Economicwelfareisseenasadirectcomponentofoursocialsystemthatshapesthequalityoflife Thisviewislessambiguousanddescribestheinterrelationsandrespectivelimitsofeachsystemwithmoreprecision Anthropogenicactivitiesplacegr
5、eatstressonourplanet secosystems Unfortunately afiniteamountoffossilfuelhasaccumulatedintheearth scrustoverthecourseofmanymillionsofyears whichmeanstheuseofalternativesourcesofenergyistheinevitablefateofoursociety Mostoftheworld scommercialenergyisconsumedbytheUnitedStates whichuses24 oftheworld sen
6、ergy withonly4 6 oftheworld spopulation InabilitytoMaintainSustainability OilAddiction OilDepletionandCO2Emissions C02EmissionsPerPerson PresentSustainableEnergySources Sustainableenergyresourcesarenowrecognizedasthemoretheefficientwaytoproduceenergy Therehavebeengreatstridesinthefield Forexample so
7、lar wind water andbiomassenergycanbeharnessedtoprovideheatandelectricity butmanystridesstillhavetobemadebeforetheycansustaintheglobalenergydemand Disadvantagesofsolarpower lowefficiency highcost andneedsteadyaccesstosun Disadvantagesofwindpower steadywindsrequired landuseintensive visualpollution no
8、ise interferencewithmigratorybirdpatterns Disadvantagesofusingwaterpower constructioncosts CO2emissionsfromdecayingbiomassinshallowtropicalreservoirs floods ecosystemconversions dangerofcollapse harmsfishandmineralization Disadvantagesofbiomassburning maybenonrenewable CO2emissions lowefficiency soi
9、lerosion andwaterandairpollution SustainableBreakthrough AnewsourceofsustainableenergyisbeingdevelopedwhichmayrevolutionizesustainableenergyproductionItusesthepeculiarpropertiesofGreenAlgaefoundincommonpondscumtocreateHydrogengas IntroductiontoHydrogenGas Hydrogengaspowerhaslongbeenheraldedastherene
10、wableenergysourceofthefuturebecauseofitscosteffectivenessandlowenvironmentalimpact Hydrogengasplaysapivotalroleinpoweringtheuniversethroughstellarhydrogenfusion likeourSun However ifgeneratedbyfossilfuelsornuclearpower itisfallsoutsidethesphererenewableenergy ThepresentmethodsbywhichHydrogengasispro
11、ducedrequireaseparateenergysourcetocreatethatfuel HydrogenGasMolecule HydrogengasisamoleculeoftheelementHydrogen Hydrogenisthefirstelementontheperiodictable andthus hasthelowestmolecularweight TheHydrogenGasMolecule TwoatomsofHydrogencombinetoformahydrogenmolecule AtypicalH2moleculeconsistsofasingle
12、covalentbond Eachatomhasoneorbit whichoverlapwhencombined HydrogenMoleculeinNature Althoughhydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverse morethan75 90 ofallatoms verylittleHydrogengasisreadilyavailableistheEarthatmosphere crust orwaters Traditionally itwasthoughtthattherewasverylittle ifany Hydrogen
13、gasexistinganywhereonEarth however arecentNASAdiscoverysuggeststhatHydrogengasmayexist20kmbelowtheEarth sCrustTheyclaimbacteriathrivesinthelightandoxygendeprivedenvironment Thatdepthis8kmbelowRussia srecordsettingboreholewhichtook13yearstodig AlgaeTakingOveraPond PondScumisusuallyatypeofalgae Genera
14、lly algaearemicroscopicorganismsthatliveinaquaticenvironments PondScum Thevernacularterm pondscum isextremelyderogatory AlgaeandHumans Throughouthumanhistorythesetinyorganismshavebeenusedasfoods e g nori wakame andmedicines e g agar agar carrageen alginicacid MagicalAlgae ThreeMajorDivisionsofAlgae
15、Chlorophyta greenalgae needplentyoflightPhaeophyta Stramenopila brown goldenalgae cangrowunderlowlightconditions Rhodophyta redalgae moreexistthanbrown goldenandgreenalgaecombined TheClassofChlorophyta Ofthestudiesconductedthusfar theclassofChlorophytaiscapableofHydrogengasgeneration GreenAlgae Usua
16、llymicroscopicfreshwaterorganismsorlargeseaweeds Over7 000knownspecies ThevariousspeciescanbeverydiversefromeachThriveindifferentenvironments TheChlamydomonasGenus TheChlamydomonasgenusfallswithintheclassofChlorophyta Thatgenusproclivityhasextendedbeyondfreshwaterenvironments suchassoil freshwater oceans andeveninsnowymountaintops HerearetwoChlamydomonasgametesmating Chlamydomonasreinhardtii Themostwidelyusedlaboratoryspeciesofalgae Basicbiologicalfunctionshavebeenwellknownforyears Thebiochemist
