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1、感染相关英文词汇小结G+（1肺炎球菌感染）1. Gram-Positive Bacteria 革兰阳性菌2. micrococci微球菌3. Louis Pasteur路易斯，巴斯德4. etiology of pneumonia肺炎的病因学5. Etiologic agent病因学微生物6. Streptococcus链球菌7. cell division occurs along a single axis细胞分裂沿单一轴进行8. grow in chains or pairs成链或成对生长9. hemolytic properties溶血特性10. S. pneumoniae（Strep
2、tococcus pneumoniae）肺炎链球菌11. -hemolytic group溶血组12. blood agar血培养皿13.characteristically produces a greenish color特征绿色14. reduction of iron in hemoglobin还原血红蛋白中的铁15. fastidious苛养（菌）16. mucoid(smooth/shiny) colonies粘液状克隆（光滑/金属色）17. Pneumococci without a capsule无夹膜的肺炎球菌18. colonies with a rough surface
3、克隆表面粗糙19. optochin(ethyl hydrocuprein hydrochloride)奥普托欣试验（）20. bile soluble在胆汁中溶解21. a polysaccharide capsule多糖夹膜22. serogroups/serotypes血清群/血清型23. rabbit polyclonal antisera兔多克隆抗血清24. the Quellung reactionQuellung反应：在特定抗血清处理下，夹膜肿胀25. phagocytosis吞噬作用26. determinant of pneumococcal virulence毒力的决定因素
4、27. Unencapsulated variants无夹膜的变种28. invasive disease.侵袭性疾病29. host defense mechanisms宿主防御系统30. Pneumolysin肺炎球菌溶血素31. cytolysis of cells and tissues细胞和组织的溶解32. cell wall proteins细胞壁蛋白33. complement pathway补体系统34. complement deposition补体沉积35.preventing lysis an/or opsonophagocytosis防止溶解和补体发挥调理作用36. T
5、he pneumococcal H inhibitor (Hic)肺炎球菌H抑制体37. impedes the formation of C3 convertase抑制C3转话体的形成38. pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC)肺炎球菌表面蛋白C39. choline-binding protein A (CbpA)胆碱结合蛋白A40.surface-anchored sialidase (neuraminidase) NanA表面锚定唾液酸酶（唾液酸苷酶）41. sialic acid唾液酸42. pneumococcal surface adhesi
6、n A (PsaA)肺炎球菌表面粘合分子43. potential vaccine candidates潜在的疫苗靶点44. Molecular typing分子型45. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis脉冲凝胶电泳46. genetic relatedness基因相关性46. superseded by sequencing of housekeeping genes管家基因测序已取代（电泳）47. multilocus sequence typing, MLST多位点序列分型48.pneumococcal MLST Web site ( http:/ who
7、le-genome sequencing will soon supersede MLST全基因组测序不久将替代MLST50. routine childhood administration of pneumococcal polysaccharideprotein conjugate vaccine (PCV)幼年期常规注射肺球菌多糖蛋白结合物疫苗51. secular trends长期趋势52. epidemiologic features流行病学特征53. serotype distribution血清学分布54.invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD,
8、defined as infection of a normally sterile site)侵袭性肺炎球菌病（通常体内无菌出现感染）55. disease burden疾病负担56. military barracks军营57.intermittent inhabitants of the healthy human nasopharynx正常人鼻咽腔的间断定植菌58. respiratory droplets呼吸道飞沫59. socioeconomic status社会经济状况60.major vectors of pneumococcal transmission主要的肺链球菌传播者6
9、1. Cross-sectional prevalence data横断面发病率数据62. high rates of colonization高定植率63. community transmission dynamics社区传播动力学64. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)脑脊液65. aspiration of pneumococci吸入肺球菌66. a positive blood culture血培养阳性67. routine pediatric vaccination schedule常规幼儿疫苗接种计划68. pneumococcal pneumonia肺炎球菌肺
10、炎69.bacteremia菌血症70. a definitive etiologic diagnosis病原学诊断明确71. radiographically confirmed pneumonia影像学确诊的肺炎72. clinically diagnosed pneumonia临床确诊的肺炎73. The case-fatality ratios (CFRs)病死率74. underlying medical condition基础疾病75. access to care治疗情况76. severity of disease at presentation起病时病情的严重程度77. ho
11、spitalized patients住院患者78. appropriate and timely management is available适当及时的治疗79. the first 24 h of hospitalization住院后24h80. rapidly progressive cascade of events快速进展81. irrespective of antibiotic administration与抗菌药物应用无关82. temperate climate温带气候83. ethnic group民族84. crowded settings 拥挤的环境85. susce
12、ptible individuals易感人群86. preceding viral respiratory disease (especially but not exclusively influenza)曾患呼吸系统疾病（尤其但不限于流感）87. secondary pneumococcal infections继发的肺炎球菌感染88. seasonal and pandemic influenza季节性、流行性感冒89. Reduced pneumococcal susceptibility to penicillin肺炎球菌对青霉素敏感性下降90. prevalence of pneu
13、mococcal isolates resistant to single or multiple classes of antibiotics分离出的肺炎球菌对一种或多种抗菌药物耐药的趋势明显91. minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs)最小抑菌浓度92. rising absolute magnitude绝对值提高93. penicillin G青霉素G94. cefotaxime头孢噻肟（3nd）95. ceftriaxone头孢曲松96. macrolides大环内酯类97. difficult-to-treat infections难治性感染
14、98. pneumococcal antimicrobial nonsusceptibility肺炎球菌抗菌药物耐药问题99. mucosal surfaces膜状表面100. otitis media中耳炎101. pneumonia肺炎102. distant sites: brain远处播散103. joint关节104. bones骨骼105. peritoneal cavity腹腔106. pneumococcal meningitis肺炎球菌性脑膜炎107. secondary to hematogenousspread继发于血流感染108. flow of mucus粘液的流动109. avoid local immune factors逃避免疫因子110. leukocytes白细胞111. complement补体112. cil
