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1、宾语从句的引导词一、宾语从句：置于动词、介词等词性后面，在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句过三关：时态，语序，连词。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句，有些形容词(afraid，sure，glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。二、宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。(一)tha
2、t引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he
3、 will travel through space to other planets.（注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。）例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the ma
4、tter and that he was asked not to tell you.2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died.（注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部
5、，而用it作形式宾语。）例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1、在带to的不定式前例句：We decid
6、ed whether to walk there.2、在介词的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.3、在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week4、直接与or not连用时例句：I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1、if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic
7、if it is sunny.2、if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.3、引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, dou
8、bt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句：Could you
9、tell me when the train will leave?四、宾语从句的时态1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than
10、sound.五、宾语从句的特点1、宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2、宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3、连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4、whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。5、如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it。【中考范例】1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she l
11、ived （北京市中考试题）【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2. Would you please tell me _? （上海市徐汇区中考试题） A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3. I dont know w
12、hen _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave （哈尔滨市中考试题） 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. （常州市中考试题） A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he
13、 from【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。一、选择填空。（ ）1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring（ ）2. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigge
14、r than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry（ ）3. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car（ ）4. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris（ ）5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in（ ）6. She told me the sun _ in
