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1、TheGreekCivilization 2020 5 30 John3 16 1 TheglorythatwasGreece thegrandeurthatwasRome ToHelenHelen thybeautyistomeLikethoseNiceanbarksofyoreThatgently o eraperfumedsea Theweary way wornwandererboreTohisownnativeshore Ondesperateseaslongwonttoroam Thyhyacinthhair thyclassicface ThyNaiadairshavebroug
2、htmehomeTotheglorythatwasGreece AndthegrandeurthatwasRome Lo inyonbrilliantwindow nicheHowstatue likeIseetheestand Theagatelampwithinthyhand Ah Psyche fromtheregionswhichAreHolyLand EdgarAllanPoe 1809 1849 Americanauthor poet editorandliterarycritic HelenofSparta InGreekmythology HelenofTroy alsokno
3、wnasHelenofSparta wasthedaughterofZeusandLeda wifeofMenelaus legendarykingofMycenaeanSparta Herabduction 诱拐 byParis thesonofPriam kingofTroy broughtabouttheTrojanWar GreekContributionstotheWesternCivilizationandtheModernWorld GreeceisthecradleofWesterncivilization theoriginofdramaandhistoryandphilos
4、ophy andthebirthplaceofdemocracyaswell ItishardtoimaginewhatcivilizedlifewouldbeliketodaywithouttheinfluenceofancientGreece Thus Greecehasmadeseverallonglastingcontributions especiallyinclassicalart drama medicine architecture sports mathematics philosophy andgovernment TheGreekculturehashadaverypro
5、foundimpactonthewaypeoplelivenowadays Greekclassicalart DiscusThrower VenusdeMilo Laocoonandhissons TheartsofancientGreecehaveexercisedanenormousinfluenceonthecultureofmanycountriesallovertheworld particularlyintheareaofsculpture IntheWest theartoftheRomanEmpirewaslargelyderivedfromGreekmodels Inthe
6、East AlexandertheGreat sconquestsinitiatedseveralcenturiesofexchangebetweenGreek CentralAsianandIndiancultures resultinginGreco Buddhistart Wellintothe19thcentury theclassicaltraditionderivedfromGreecedominatedtheartofthewesternworld AncientGreekarchitectureisbestknownfromitstemples manyofwhicharefo
7、undthroughouttheregion mostlyasruinsbutmanysubstantiallyintact Parthenon 帕台农神殿 AncientGreekarchitecture Thesecondimportanttypeofbuildingistheopen airtheatre withtheearliestdatingfromaround350BC TheatreofDionysus 狄俄尼索斯圆形剧场 Beijing Shanghai Zhejiang Otherarchitecturalformsaretheprocessionalgateway the
8、publicsquaresurroundedbycolonnade thetowncouncilbuilding thepublicmonument themonumentaltombandthestadium thepublicmonument theprocessionalgateway AncientGreekmedicine ThemostimportantfigureinancientGreekmedicineisthephysicianHippocrates knownasthe FatherofMedicine Hippocratesandhisstudentsdeveloped
9、theHippocraticOath 医学生誓词 forphysicians stillinusetoday TheGreekGalenwasoneofthegreatestsurgeonsoftheancientworldandperformedmanyaudaciousoperations includingbrainandeyesurgeries ThewritingsofHippocrates Galen andothershadalastinginfluenceonIslamicmedicineandMedievalEuropeanmedicine Hippocrates 460BC
10、 370BC theFatherofModernMedicine AncientGreekdrama TheGreekswerethefirstpeopletowriteandperformplays presentedtwiceayeartohonorthegodDionysus TheancientGreekdramaisatheatricalculturethatflourishedinancientGreecebetween550and220BC Thecity stateofAthens asignificantcultural politicalandmilitarypowerdu
11、ringthisperiod wasitscentre Tragedy late6thcenturyBC comedy 486BC andthesatyrplay 羊人劇 werethethreedramaticgenrestoemergethere Athensexportedthefestivaltoitsnumerouscoloniesandalliesinordertopromoteacommonculturalidentity WesterntheatreoriginatedinAthensanditsdramahashadasignificantandsustainedimpact
12、onWesterncultureasawhole Aeschylus 525BC 456BC FirstofgreatwritersoftragediesAeschylus s Oresteia 俄瑞斯忒亚 trilogyshowhowtheconsequencesofone sdeedsarecarrieddownfromgenerationtogeneration Itsmoralisthatthelawofthecommunity notpersonalrevenge shoulddecidepunishment 2020 5 30 John3 16 14 Sophocles 497BC
13、 405BC Sophocles thenextgeneration acceptedhumansufferingasunavoidablebutstressedhumancourageandcompassionHis OedipusRex 俄狄甫斯 depictstheplightofOedipus aking whoisdoomedtokillhisfatherandmarryhismother 2020 5 30 John3 16 15 Euripides 480BC 406BC Euripides thelastthethreegreatestGreektragedians focus
14、edonthehumancharacteristicsthatbringdisastertothemEuripideshatedwarandmanyofhisplaysshowthetragedythatwarbrings 2020 5 30 John3 16 16 Aristophanes themostfamouswriterofcomedies createdimaginativesocialsatire Elevenofhisfortyplayssurvivevirtuallycomplete KnownastheFatherofComedyandthePrinceofAncientC
15、omedy AristophaneshasbeensaidtorecreatethelifeofancientAthensmoreconvincinglythananyotherauthor 2020 5 30 John3 16 17 Aristophanes 446BC 386BC AncientGreeksports TheGreekstookgamesofallkindsveryseriously especiallyphysicalathleticcompetition TheGreeksbelievedthattheirgodsparticularlylovedtoseestrong
16、 fit gracefulhumanbodies especiallyboys andmen sbodies Soonewaytogetonthegoodsideofthegodswastoexercise toeatright tooiltheskin tocreateabeautifulbodythatthegodswouldlove BecauseoftheGreektendencytoturneverythingintoacompetition thisalsomeantthattherewerealotofathleticcompetitionsinGreece ThemostfamousoftheseistheOlympicGames AncientGreekphilosophy AncientGreekphilosophydealtwithawidevarietyofsubjects includingpoliticalphilosophy ethics metaphysics 形而上学 ontology 本体论 logic biology rhetoric andaes
