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1、TheHistoryofEnglish WatchaVideoandanswerthefollowingquestions WhatremakedthebeginningoftheEnglishhistory TheinvasionofthreeGermanictribes Anglo Saxon andJute WhichlanguagedidNormanConquerorsbrought FranceHowmanywordsdoesEnglishbroughtfromNorse about2000 TheHistoryofEnglish 1 Proto English 700B C 449
2、A D 2 OldEnglish 449A D 1100 3 MedievalEnglish 1100A D 1500 4 ModernEnglish 1500A D present Proto English 700B C 449A D NativepeapleCelts Celtic 凯尔特语 Romaninvasion Latin Celts Celtic 凯尔特语 theearliestlanguageusedinGreatBritainisCelticwhichlateralmostdisappear yetsomeofthemstillexistinmodernEnglish bi
3、n 箱 cradle 摇篮 dun 讨债 crag 险崖 curse 诅咒 loch 湖 cross 十字架 etc RomanInvasion Latin in55B C RomeempireJuliusCaesarinvadedBritianTheRomansbroughtLatintoBritain whichwaspartoftheRomanEmpireforover400years ButearlyEnglishdidnotdevelopmainlyfromLatin JuliusCaesar恺撒大帝 OldEnglish 449A D 1100 theAnglo SaxonInva
4、sion OldEnglishtheRomanMissionaries LatintheViking 维京人 Invasion Norse 诺尔斯语 theAnglo SaxonInvasion ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagereallystartedwiththearrivalofthreeGermanictribes theAnglos theSaxon andtheJuteswhoinvadedBritainduringthe5thcenturyAD andthentheirlanguagecalledOldEnglishorAnglo Saxonbegan
5、tobeused TheAngloscamefromEnglalandandtheirlanguagewascalledEnglisc fromwhichthewordsEnglandandEnglisharederived RomanandLatin Inthesixthcentury theRomanmissionariesbroughtChristianitytotheGermanictribes mainlythesaxon TheEnglishlanguageadoptedmanywordsfromLatin theofficiallanguageofthechurch Latinw
6、ords Latinprovidednotonlyreligiousvacabularye g abbot 男修道院院长 altar 祭坛 hymn 圣歌 pope 教皇 priest 神父 etc Butalsoasurprisingnumberofwhatarenoweverydaywordse g candle cap school spendetc theInvasionofViking Norse theVikingtheVikingsweremenwhosailedfromScandinaviaandattackedvillagesinmostpartsofnorthWestern
7、Europeafromthe8thtothe11thcentureis Inthelate8thcentury theVikingsattackedEngland Fightingcontinuedforalmosttwohundredyears Englishborrowedabout2000wordsfromNorselanguages ForExample Manywordsbeginingwithsc sk areborrowedfromscandinavianlanguagese g score scorch skill skin sky OtherVerbs Nouns birth
8、 bull gap quest leg egg sister skin Pronouns both some their them they Preposition fro till Adverbs aloft 在空中 seemly Adjectives flat Conjunctions though Verbs are call die drown get give lift take Literature PartofBeowulf 贝奥武甫 apoemwritteninOldEnglish AbouthalfofthemostcommonlyusedwordsinModernEngli
9、shhaveOldEnglishroots Thewordsbe strongandwater forexample derivefromOldEnglish OldEnglishwasspokenuntilaround1100 MedievalEnglish 1100A D 1500 Normaninvasion FrenchtheStatuesofEnglishtheChangesofEnglish NormanInvasion In1066 theNormanInvasion WilliamtheConqueror startedacontinualflowofFrenchwordsin
10、toEnglish FrenchLoanWords Adjectives ableactiveactualbriefcalmcertainclearcommoncontrarycourageouscruelcuriouseagereasyfaintfiercefinalfirmforeigngentlehasty FrenchLoanWords Verbs adviseaimallowapproacharrangearrivebetraychangechaseservecomfortcomplainconcealconsidercontinuecountdeceivedestroydeclar
11、edefeatdelaydesireenjoyenter FrenchLoanWords Nouns actionadventurenumberageairpairbucketcalendarpersoncarpentercitypowdercoastcomfortrivercostcountrysigncouragecowardopinion VerbalAffixes Verbalprefixesinter counter re trans anti dis Verbalsuffixes able ible ent al ous ive FrenchInfluence Approximat
12、ely10 000French andNorman loanwordsenteredMiddleEnglish StandardFrenchretainedthestatusofaformalandhadasignificantinfluenceonthelanguagetoday Forexample mostmodernEnglishspeakersconsidera cordialreception fromFrench tobemoreformalthana heartywelcome fromGermanic DeepClassRift Threelanguagesexistings
13、imultaneouslycontinuedforoveracenturyFrenchbytheofficials Latinbychurchoruniversities EnglishbytheEnglishcommonpeople theStatuesofEnglish Englishliteraturereappearedafter1200 whenachangingpoliticalclimateandthedeclineinAnglo Normanmadeitmorerespectable TheProvisionsofOxford 牛津条约 releasedin1258 wasth
14、efirstEnglishgovernmentdocumenttobepublishedintheEnglishlanguageaftertheNormanConquest In1362 EdwardIIIbecamethefirstkingtoaddressParliamentinEnglish JohnWycliff stranslationoftheBibleintoEnglishthewritingsofChaucer Langland Englishpoet inEnglishandothers Bytheendofthecentury eventheroyalcourthadswi
15、tchedtoEnglish TheChanges TheEnglishlanguagechangedenormouslybothingrammarandinvocabulary Grammardistinctionswerelostasmanynounandadjectiveendingswereleveledto e Theolderpluralnounmarker enlargelygavewayto s grammaticalgenderwasdiscarded Englishspellingwiththe and soundsbeingspelledthratherthanwitht
16、heOldEnglishletters thorn and eth ModernEnglish 1500A D present 1 EarlyModernEnglish 1500 1800 2 LateModernEnglish 1800 present EarlyModernEnglish 1500 1800 theGreatVowelShiftRenaissanceandShakespeareTheinventionofprintingEnglishdictionaryTheKingJamesBible TheGVS 元音大推移 TowardstheendofMiddleEnglish asuddenanddistinctchangeinpronunciation theGreatVowelShift started withvowelsbeingpronouncedshorterandshorter RenaissanceandShakespeare HeexpandedthescopeofEnglishliteraturebyintroducingnewwordsandphra
