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1、高三语法总复习 定语从句 定语从句知识要点 1 定语从句的概念2 定语从句关系代词或关系副词的选择3 只用that或不用that的情况4 定语从句中主谓一致和关系代词省略的问题5 介词 关系代词6 As引导的定语从句7 Which引导的非限制性定语从句的情况8 定语从句与并列句 状语从句 名词性从句 强调句的区别 定语从句的概念 定语从句 形容词性从句修饰名词定语从句必须跟在先行词后边 定语从句是不完全的句子 状语从句 副词性从句修饰动词或整个句子 宾语从句 名词性从句在动词后说明其内容 Thefilm that wesawyesterdayisgood 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 在从句中充
2、当定语 定语从句的概念 定语从句必须跟在先行词后边 Isthisbooktheoneyoumentionedtheotherday Isthisthebookyoumentionedtheotherday 定语从句是不完全的句子Isthisthebookyoumentionedittheotherday ThebankwhereIonceworkedthereisfamous X X 定语从句的概念 That sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter he sdoneforyou 2004全国卷II A somethingB anythingC a
3、llD that 先行词和定语从句的分隔现象 定语从句要紧跟先行词 但实际应用中常有插入语或为了句子的平衡用句子的其他成分把它们分开 这就造成了先行词和定语从句的分隔现象 这也就形成了常见试题考点 Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto Right justtheone youknowIusedtoworkforyears 2005福建 A thatB whichC whereD what 先行词和定语从句的分隔现象 Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear forthefirsttimeinyearsthe
4、irteamwontheWorldCup 2000北京春招 A thatB whileC whichD whenThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage A untilB thatC whereD when 定语从句关系代词或关系副词的选择 考查要点 1 根据先行词在句中的位置确定使用关系代词还是关系副词2 where when的特殊意义3 whose4 theway thetime后的定语从句 定语从句关系代词或关系副词的选择 1 关系代词or关系副词 解题关键 看先行词 指人or指物 指时间
5、or指地点or原因 看先行词在从句中所充当的成分例 1 Themanwho thatcametoourschoolisMr Wang 主语 指人 2 Thecupwhich thatwasbrokenismyfavorite 主语 指物 3 Thegirl who whom ImetisLucy 宾语 指人 4 Ilikethebook that which youboughtyesterday 宾语 指物 5 AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom 定语 定语从句关系代词或关系副词的选择 6 Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenweli
6、vedtogether 时间状语 C f Weshallneverforgetthedays that wespenttogether 7 ThisistheroomwhereIlive 地点状语 C f Thisistheroom that which Ijustpainted visited 8 Hedidn ttellmethereasonwhyhewaslate 原因状语 C f Thereason that which hegaveisnotacceptable whose Jackwhosehairisverylongwantstobeasinger Thebuildingwhos
7、ewindowsarebeingcleanedistheirschool Whosehair thehairofwhomis ofwhomthehairis Whosewindows thewindowsofwhichare ofwhichthewindowsare Where when ThisistheroomwhereIlive ThisistheroomwhichIlivein ThisistheroominwhichIlive ThisistheroomIlivein Thatwasthedaywhenwefirstmet Thatwasthedaywhichwefirstmeton
8、 Thatwasthedayonwhichwefirstmet Thatwasthedaywemeton Where when的特殊意义 有时先行词不是day time room place等明确的表示时间 地点的名词 而是occasion age case point chair business situation stage condition等 定语从句也要用when where来引导 例如 Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputer Harrydoesrecallonedifficultoccasion whenamanwhor
9、efusedtorepent 忏悔 悔改 wasaskedtoleave Ifashophaschairswherewomencanparktheirmen womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop He sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane 2001上海 Theway后边的定语从句 Thewayinwhichheansweredthequestionwassurprising Thewaythatheansweredthequestionwassurprisi
10、ng Thewayheansweredthequestionwassurprising注意比较下面的句子 1 Theway that which heexplainedtouswasquitesimple 2 Theway that inwhich heexplainedittouswasnotdifficulttounderstand Time后的定语从句 Thisisthesecondtime that thePresidenthasvisitedthecountry Thatwasatatimewhen duringwhichtherewerenoradios notelephoneso
11、rnoTVsets 关系代词只用that的情况 1 先行词all everything nothing something anything little much等不定代词2 先行词被all every no some any little much等修饰 3 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 4 先行词被theonly thevery thesame thelast修饰时 5 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词 从句应用that 而不是其他 6 当主句是以who which开头的特殊疑问句时 定语从句多用that 而不用who whom which 关系代词只用that的情况 例
12、Inevertookanythingthatdoesn tbelongtome AllthatIwantistimetohavearest ThatwhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike ThisistheverybookthatIwanttohave Thelastplacethatwevisitedwasthechemicalworks Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate 以上通常是使用于物 人一般不受限制 但如
13、果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则 关系代词不用that的情况 1 当从句中的介词放在关系代词前的时候 Ishethepersonaboutwhomwetalkedalotyesterday Theairportatwhichtheyarrivedlastweekisabigone 2 在非限制性定语从句中 ThisbookwaswrittenbyJack whowashereamomentago SheisgoodatspeakingFrench whichshelearnedatschool 定语从句中的主谓一致和关系代词省略的问题 定语从句中谓语动词的数与先行词一致 Theboy boyswh
14、ohas haveenteredforthegameis areaskedtoremain I whoamyourteacher willtrymybesttohelpyou ToownacolourTVsetineachfamily Whichwethoughtwasimpossibletwentyyearsago nowbecomestrue 注意 Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisintheroom Sheisoneofthestudentswhoareintheroom 定语从句中的主谓一致和关系代词省略的问题 当先行词在从句中作宾语时关系代词可以省略
15、Sheisreadingthebook which that sheboughtjustnow Theyoungman who whom yousawwasourteacher 不能省略的连接词当从句中的介词放在关系代词前的时候 Heisthemanfromwhomweshouldlearn 介词 关系代词 先行词是从句中的介词宾语时常用 介词 关系代词 介词的选择是考察的要点 其依据是 1 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配Doyoulikethebookonwhichshespent 10 2 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms
16、aboutwhichI msure 3 根据介词与先行词搭配1949wastheyearinwhichtheP R C wasfounded 介词 关系代词 动词 介词构成的固定短语中的介词不可以提前Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter 介词短语 或名词 数词 代词 of 还可以在非限制性定语从句中用来限定先行词Therewediscoveredsomeporcelains mostofwhichwerebrandnew Soontheyarrivedatafarmhouse infrontofwhichsatasmallboy Shehadeightchildren 3ofwhombecamesoldiers As引导的定语从句 经常和such或same连用 Suchpeopleasyousaidarenotgood Ihavethesametroubleasyouhave C f ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday 这就是我昨天用
