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1、第九讲跨国企业与农产品国际贸易的产业组织Lecture9MultinationalAgribusinessandAgriculturalTrade 中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院曾寅初YinchuZengSchoolofAgriculturalEconomicsandRuralDevelopmentRenminUniversityofChina Content Part1ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustryPart2GobalPlayersintheFoodandBeverageindustryPart3StrategicProfilesofWFBTop30Part
2、4ClusterofFirmsinAgri FoodBusinessPart5 ABCD ofWFGlobalPlayersandChina Part1ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustry ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustry 1990s 1 CR4istheconcentrationratio relativeto100 ofthetopfourfirmsinaspecificfoodindustryBeefPackers1999CR4 81 79 1998 76 1995 72 1990 1Tyson IBPInc 2ConAgraB
3、eefCompanies3Caigill ExcelCorporation 4FarmlandNationalBeefPkg Co Source USDA AssessmentoftheCattleandHogIndustries 2000 PorkPackers1999CR4 59 44 1992 40 1990 34 1989 37 1987 1Smithfield2Tyson IBPInc 3ConAgra Swift 4Cargill Excel Source FeedstuffsReferenceIssue 2001 andTysonAnnualReprot 2001 Note In
4、cudingFarmlandIndustriesandHormelFoodscreatesaCR6 75 NYTimes 1 7 99 ProkProduction1999CR4 46 1Smithfieldfoods710 000 NumberofSowsin2001 2PremiumStandardFarms ContiGroup 211 1003SeaboardCorporation185 0004TriuphPorkGroup140 000Source USDAHogandPigReport October2001 SuccessfulFarming October2001 Conce
5、ntrationTrendinFoodIndustry 1990s 2 Broilers1999CR4 50 49 1998 46 1994 44 1990 35 1986 1TysonFoods2GoldKist3Pilgrim sPride4ConAgraSource FeedstuffsReferenceIssue 2001 andOmabaWorld Herad9 3 2000 Turkeys1999CR4 45 40 1996 38 1994 35 1992 33 1992 31 1988 1Hormel Jennie OTurkeys 2Butterball ConAgra 3Ca
6、rgillTurkeys4Pilgrim sPrideSource NationalTurkeyFedaration 2000 AnimalFeedPlants1999CR4 25 AnnualCapacity1LandO LakeFarmlandFeedLLC PurinaMills15 7Milliontons2CargillAnimalNutrition Nutrena 8 0Milliontons3ADM Moorman s 3 2Milliontons4J D Heiskill Co 2 8MilliontonsSource FeedstuffsReferenceIssue 2001
7、 ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustry 1990s 3 TerminalGrainHandlingFacilities1999CR4 60 1Cargill40 054 000 FacilityCapacityinBushels 2CenexHarvestState31 359 0003ADM30 000 0004GeneralMills17 369 000Source 2002GrainandMillingA Note WhenNo 5 LouisDreyfus andNo 6 ConAgra Peavey areincluded CR6 74 CornExpor
8、ts1999CR3 81 1Cargill ContinentalGrain2ADM3ZenNohSource F March2001 SoybeanExports1999CR3 65 1Cargill ContinentalGrain2ADM3ZenNohSource F March2001 ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustry 1990s 4 FourMilling2001CR4 61 44 1987 40 1982 1ADMMilling298 8002ConAgra250 500 DailyMillingCapacityinBushels 3Cargill2
9、20 0004GeneralMills93 700Source 2002GrainandMillingAnnual SoybeanCrushing1996CR4 80 71 1987 61 1982 54 1977 1ADM2Cargill3Bunge4AGPSource Feegstuffs 9 22 1997 CensusofManufacturing EthanolProduction2001CR4 49 67 1999 73 1995 73 1987 1ADM9502MinnesotaCornProcessors140 mil Gal year 3WilliamsEnergyServi
10、ces1354Cargill110Source www ethanolrfa org prodcap htmlDairyProcessors AnnualSalesinMillionUSD 1DeanFooods SuizaFoodsCorp 9 2602KraftFoods PhilipMorris 4 0003DairyFarmersofAmerica2 8584LandO Lakes2 684Source DairyFoods DairyTop100 2001 ConcentrationTrendinFoodIndustry Fourfirmscontrolover40percentof
11、theprocessingofthemajorcommoditiesproduced Afewfirmsappearinthelistofthetopfourprocessingfirmsforseveralcommodities Forexample ConAgraisonthelistoftopfourprocessingfirmsforbeef pork turkeysandsheep aswellasseafoodTheverticalintegrationinthefoodsystem Forexample Cargillranksinthetopfourfirmsproducing
12、animalfeed feedingcattleandprocessingcattle Part2GobalPlayersintheFoodandBeverageindustry WORLD STOP10F BCOMPANIES1999 annualsales1 NestleSA 41 422million2 PhilipMorrisCompanies Inc 31 139million3 ConAgraInc 24 594million4 PepsiCo Inc 20 367million5 Unilever 20 310million6 TheCoca ColaCo 19 805milli
13、on7 Cargill Inc 17 143million8 DiageoPLC 16 419million9 Mars Inc 14 500million10 ADM 14 283millionSource FoodEngineering October2000 WORLD STOP30FOODANDBEVERAGECOMPANIES 2007 Source FoodIntelligence SergeGuegan ExcludeTabacco T FNetSale bn World100Food BeverageIndustryLeaders 1000milliards 84 inF B
14、Lessthan10 ofGlobalTop100 allsectors Attractivefinanceperformance2005 2007AAGR 8 7 Netincomeisoftengreaterthan10 Nastle Danone even20 Coco Cola WFCTOP100in2007 ShareandGrowth NorthernAmerica includeMexico andUSAaccountrespectivelyfor51 and45 ofTop100totalturnover with41 34groups comparedtothe29 ofEU
15、 35groupsofwhich8France andthe8 ofJapan 15groups Only5foodgroupsinemergingcountriesareintheworldF BTop100 FEMSA BIMBO MODELO Mexico WILMAR Singapore SANMIGUEL Philippines AspercentagesofTop100totalnetsale WFCTop100byAreas Somebigcompaniesinemergingcountries Butalreadyalotofalmost2billion operatorsin
16、emergingcountriesSomeconglomeratesorbigretailersplayorcouldplayasignificantroleintheFoodorRetailsectorForexamples India Reliance Tata Bharti Wadia AdityaBirlaChina ChinaResourcesEnterprises 华润 TingHsin顶新 Tingyi 康师傅 Uni President 统一 Malaysiya SimeDarby PPBTurkey Koc Sabanci WorldTop30PrivateF BGlobalLeaders Source FoodIntelligence SergeGuegan ExcludeTabacco WorldTop20Food FuelCooperatives Source FoodIntelligence SergeGuegan ExcludeTabacco T FNetSale bn WorldTop20DairyGroups Source FoodIntelligenc
