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1、WaystoUnderstandandInterprettheNovel ResearchMethodsandThesisWriting Literature Whydowestudyliterature Literaturerepresentsalanguageorapeople cultureandtradition But literatureismoreimportantthanjustahistoricalorculturalartifact Literatureintroducesustonewworldsofexperience Welearnaboutbooksandliter
2、ature weenjoythecomediesandthetragediesofpoems stories andplays andwemayevengrowandevolvethroughourliteraryjourneywithbooks Howdoweinterpretandevaluateliterature wemaydiscovermeaninginliteraturebylookingatwhattheauthorsaysandhowhe shesaysit Wemayinterprettheauthor smessage Inacademiccircles thisdeco
3、dingofthetextisoftencarriedoutthroughtheuseofliterarytheory usingamythological psychological cultural historical orotherapproach Whatisnovel Novelisafictionalpieceofproseusuallywritteninanarrativestyle Novelstellstories whicharetypicallydefinedasaseriesofeventsdescribedinasequence Formula Patterns T
4、hePrecriticalResponse Setting Plot Character Theme SymbolismVI PointofView I Setting Definition Settingisthetimeandplaceinwhichtheeventsofanarrativeoccur Themajorelementsofsettingarethetime theplace andthesocialenvironmentthatframesthecharacters Thesettingmaybespecificanddetailed andintroducedatthev
5、erybeginningofthenovel oritmaybemerelysuggestedthroughtheuseofdetailsscatteredthroughoutthenovel EffectsofSetting Createsatmosphere givesinsighttocharacters andprovidesconnectionstootheraspectsofthestory ExampleofSetting JaneEyre Setting time Earlydecadesofthe19thcentury Setting place Thenovelisstru
6、cturedaroundfiveseparatelocations allsupposedlyinnorthernEngland TheReedfamily shomeatGateshead ThewretchedLowoodSchool Rochester smanorhouseThornfield TheRiversfamily shomeatMoorHouse Rochester sruralretreatatFerndean II Plot Simplyspeaking plotisthearrangementoftheeventsoractionsinastoryintoacausa
7、lrelationship Thekingdiedandthenthequeendied InAspectsoftheNovel E MFosterdefinedastoryasanarrativeofeventsarrangedintheirtimesequence Aplotisalsoanarrativeofevents theemphasisfallingoncausality III Character Characterization Characterreferstooneofthepersonsinthestory theendresultoftheauthor seffort
8、tocreateafictionalpersonality CharacterizationreferstoThemethodanauthorusestoacquaintthereaderwithhisorhercharacters MethodsofCharacterization Therearefourmethodsofcharacterization describingthecharacter sappearance reportingthecharacter sspeechandbehavior describingthereactionsofothercharacterstoth
9、eindividual revealingthecharacter sthoughtsandfeelings ExamplesofCharacterizationI Karenwassmallforherageandinclinedtoplumpness Herblueeyesviewedthepeopleandeventsaroundherwithamixtureofcuriosityandamusement Shewasnotawoman butshewaspastbeingachild toosophisticatedfortoys shemightstill onimpulse tur
10、nasomersault 翻筋斗 onthelivingrug 1 ApproximatelyhowoldisKaren 2 Whatdetailshelpyouvisualizeher 3 WhatdetailsrevealsomethingaboutKaren spersonality ExamplesofCharacterizationII Butwhycan tIgo Karenwailed Everyoneelseisgoing Youneverletmegoanywhere Youjustdon twantmetogrowupandhavefun Karenwheeledaroun
11、dandstormedoutofthehouse slammingthedoorbehindher 1 WhatdoesKarenrevealaboutherpersonalityinthisspeech 2 Whatdoheractionscontributetoyourpictureofher ExamplesofCharacterizationIII I veknownKarenforalongtime eversincefirstgrade We vebeenbestfriendssincelastyear Ilikeherbecause well Iguessit sbecauses
12、heisalwayssohappyandsureofherselfandshe sgoodatthingslikebaseball andswimmingandpaintingandstuff Joaniepaused thenadded Everybodyatschoollikesher 1 WhatisJoanie srelationshiptoKaren 2 WhatdoyoulearnaboutKarenfromJoanie scomments ExamplesofCharacterizationIV Thesunlighttrickledbetweentheslatesoftheba
13、mbooblinds Karenstretchedluxuriously pleasantlyawareofthetinglingsensationinhermuscles Shereallyoughttogetup shethought Sallywascomingoverateleven Maybesheshouldmakesomesandwichessotheycouldeatoutinthebackyard Mrs Henleywastakingthemtothebeachintheafternoon SheshouldfinishthatlettertoPeggy maybeshew
14、ouldtonight ifsheremembered andifshehadtime 1 WhatisKarenthinkingabout 2 Whatdoherthoughtstellyouaboutherpersonality Protagonist Antagonist TheProtagonististhemostimportantcharacter Theprotagonistdoesnothavetobeheroic butheorshenormallytriestoaccomplishsomethingdecisiveduringthecourseofthestory This
15、goalmaybeobvioustotheothercharacters oritmaybeprivate Thecharacterwhoopposestheprotagonististheantagonist Althoughtheantagonistmaywellbeunpleasantoractuallyevil thisisbynomeansalwaysthecase IV Theme Thethemeofastoryoranovelisthegeneralizationabouthumanlifethatcanbedrawnfromoutcomeoftheconflictandfro
16、mthesupportprovidedbythetone attitude atmosphere setting andsymbolism Inmostgreatliterature thethemeisimpliedratherthanexplicitlystated SonsandLovers Thenovelhastwothemes thecripplingeffectsofamother sloveontheemotionaldevelopmentofherson andthe split betweenkindsoflove physicalandspiritual whichthesondevelops thekindsrepresentedbytwoyoungwomen ClaraandMiriam V SymbolsinPilgrim sProgress TheprotagonistChristian theCelestialCity VanityFair Faithful Great heart VI PointofView PointofViewreferstoth
