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1、非谓语动词语法讲解 洪外黄蓓蓓 I 非谓语动词时态 语态形式对照表 2 非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份 1 非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语等 1 Toseeyouisglad It sgladtoseeyou 2 Iwanttoseeyou 3 Iwanthimtoseeyou 4 Myhopeistoseeyou 5 Heisthemantoseeyou 6 I mgladtoseeyou 7 Iwenttoseeyou 8 Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou 作主语 作宾语 作宾补 作表语 作定语 作原因状语 作目的状语 作结果状语 1 Swi
2、mmingishisfavouritesport 2 Heenjoysswimming 3 Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver 4 Hisfavouritesportisswimming 5 Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow 6 SwimminginSummer wecangetcool 作主语 作宾语 作宾补 作表语 作定语 作状语 1 Thiscupisbroken 2 Thisisabrokencup 3 Ifoundthecupbroken 4 BrokenbyTom thecupcan tbeused 过去分词一般不作主语 宾
3、语 作表语 作表语 作宾语补足语 作状语 3 分词的用法比较A 在时态上1 Chinaisadevelopingcountry acountrywhichisdeveloping 2 Japanisadevelopedcountry acountrywhichhasdeveloped 3 Ifoundhimgone thathehadgone 表完成 ing分词表 进行 ed分词表 完成 B 在语态上 ing分词表 主动 ed分词表 被动 多为及物动词 1 Isawhimwritingashortnovel thathewaswritingashortnovel 2 Hewasreadinga
4、novelwrittenbyCharlesDickens whichwaswrittenbyCharlesDichens 在概念上 ing 表 抽象 习惯 不定式表 具体 偶然 将来 Swimming 抽象 ismyfavouritesportandIlikeswimming 习惯 everyday butIdon tliketoswim 具体 today Iwouldliketoswim 将来 tomorrow C 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语 只能用作状语 Theplatformhavingbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon 1 Theplatformbuiltw
5、illbeusedtoperformon Theplatformwhichhasbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon 2 Havinggivenheropinionaboutthebuilding sheleftthemeeting Havingbeenusedforalongtime thecomputerneedsrepairing 作定语 作状语 D ed 主句 不强调时间先后 Beinged 主句 强调主句和从句动作同时发生 Havingbeened 主句 强调时间先后 如不强调时间先后可用ed 一般式来代替 1 UsedasameansoftrafficinC
6、hina thebikeisveryuseful WritteninsimpleEnglish thebookiseasytoread2 Beingusedbymenow thebikecan tbelenttoyou 3 Havingbeenusedformanyyears thebikeneedsrepairing Havingbeentoldseveraltimes 可以写成 Toldseveraltimes hecouldn t understandwhatImeant 4 非谓语动词的用法区别不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 下列动词常用不定式作宾语 aim ask dare appear
7、 arrange demand help hesitate pay plan wait fail seek prepare happen mean prove expect wish hope decide refuse offer learn agree choose promise pretend manage care determine afford等 如 Heofferedtohelpus Ididn texpecttofindyouhere Theyrefusedtoaccepthisinvitation Thelittleboypretendedtobeasleepwhenhis
8、mothercamein 2 下列动词通常用 ing形式作宾语 admit report appreciate deny explain mention resist stand stop imagine recall suggest mind finish enjoy keep practise miss avoid delay excuse escape consider advise等 如 1 Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere 2 Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday 3 Goodnew
9、skeepscoming Tinasuggestedspendingtheweekendonherfarm 3 下列动词接不定式与接 ing形式意义相近 like love hate dislike begin start prefer continue intend attempt等 e g Iprefermaking tomake anoutlinebeforeIdomyoralcomposition Wealllikeplaying toplay tabletennis 但也有细微区别 指具体某次的行为常用不定式 指惯常的行为常用 ing形式 如 Ilikereadingbooksoft
10、hiskind 惯常行为 Ihatetosayso butreallyIcan tgowithyou 具体某次行为 Iprefertostayathometoday 具体某次行为 Hepreferswalkingtocycling 惯常行为 一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如 realize know understand see lose等 多用不定式如 IbegantorealizeIhadbeenwrong Wehatetolosethechance Nowwearebeginningtoseeitmoreclearly 4 下列动词接不定式与接 ing形式意义不同 stoptodo停下 正
11、在做的事 去做另一件事 stopdoing停下正在做的事e g Seeinganoldmancarryingabigbag Istoppedtohelphim Hearingthebell thestudentsstoppedplayingandranintotheclassroom forgettodo忘记做某事 此事未做 forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事 此事已做 Heforgottoposttheletterwhenhewalkedpastthepostoffice I llneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttime remembertodo记得要做某事
12、此事未做 rememberdoing记得某事已做过 此事已做 e g Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere Youmustremembertotakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehome goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing接着做同一件事e g Shestoodupandshookhandswithme andthenshewentonwritingsomething AfterIfinishedmyhomework 1wentontoreadthenovel trytodo企图 想做某事trydoing试着做某事 看看有什么后果发生
13、e g Wetriedtopersuadehimtogowithus buthewouldn tlisten Let strydoingtheworksomeotherway meantodo 意思是 打算做某事meandoing意味着做某事e g Revolutionmeanslibratingtheproductiveforce Sorry Ididn tmeantohurtyou regrettodo遗憾地做某事 通常后接say tell等动词 regretdoing后悔做了某事e g Iregrettotellthatyoudidn tpasstheexamagain Heregret
14、tedhavingtoldherthebadnews 5 动词如 permit allow admit forbid imagine consider advisesbtodosth advisedoingsth advisesbtodosthe g Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate Pleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirst Yousurelycan tconsiderhimtobeaselfishman Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid night Iallowedthec
15、hildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes 注意 在imagine consider后通常用 tobe 作宾语补足语 tobe有时可省略 e g You dbetterimagineyourself tobe inhisplace Thesituationwasconsidered tobe prettygood 在consider后 作宾补不定式主要是tobe 行为动词todo则多用tohavedone形式 如 Weallconsideredhimtohavetoldalie advise permit allow admit forbid imag
16、ine considerdoingsth e g Thelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass Theyshouldn tallowparkinginthestreet it stoonarrow Canyouimaginemybeingsostupid Iforbidsmokinginmyhouse Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice 即时巩固练习 用所给动词的todo或 doing形式填空 1 LittleTomregretted waste somuchtimeplayingcomputergames 2 Theywereexpecting get theresultsoftheexamination 3 Willyouadvisemewhichofthem buy 4 Onthebustheyoungmanpretended notsee theoldwomanstandingbesidehim havingwasted toget tobuy nottosee 5 WeallconsiderJohn be anh
