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1、定语从句复习 定语从句定语从句 AttributiveClauses 在句中做定语 修饰一个名词或代词 被修饰的名词 词组或代词即先行词 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后 由关系词 关系代词或关系副词 引出 关系代词有 who whom whose that which等 关系副词有 when where why等 注 1 介词提前时一般只用which和whom 2 whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhich ofwhom ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy Thedes
2、kwhoselegisbrokenisveryold ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin 1 如果先行词是all much anything something nothing everything little none等不定代词 关系代词一般只用that 不用which 例如 Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears 2 先行词有两个 既有人也有物 要用that Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool 关系代词that和w
3、hich的区别 1 宜用that引导的定语从句 3 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first last any only few mush no some very等词修饰 关系代词常用that 不用which who 或whom 例如 ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧 Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess 那是通向你成功的唯一之路 Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork
4、 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事 2 宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时 要用which Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt 引导非限制性定语从句时 要用which Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman whichhelpedheralot as which非限定性定语从句由as which引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句 相当于andthis或andthat As一般放在句首 which在句中 Asweknow smokingisharmfultoone shea
5、lth Thesunheatstheearth whichisveryimportanttous Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss cameasasurprise A itB thatC whichD heItrainedhardyesterday preventedmefromgoingtothepark A thatB whichC asD it as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时 这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语 但不同之处主要有两点 1 as引导非限制性定语从句 可放在主句之前 或者主句之后 甚至可以
6、切割一个主句 which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 另外 as有 正如 正像 的意思 2 as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若为行为动词 则从句中的关系代词只能用which 3 当先行词受such thesame修饰时 常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek 注意 当先行词由thesame修饰时 偶尔也用that引导定语从句 但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同 Sheworethesamedr
7、essthatsheworeatMary swedding 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子 Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面无宾语 就必须要求用关系代词 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如 ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear I llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou 判断改错1 Thisisthemoun
8、tainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear 2 IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside 3 Thisisthemountainvillage which Ivisitedlastyear 4 I llneverforgetthedays which Ispentinthecountryside F F T T 方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能正确选择出关系代词 关系副词 Isthismuseum youvisitedafewdaysage A whereB thatC onwhi
9、chD theone2 Isthisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld A whereB thatC onwhichD theone 例1变为肯定句 Thismuseumis youvisitedafewdaysago 例2变为肯定句 Thisisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld 在句1中 所缺部分为宾语 而where that onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用 只有theone既做了主句的表语 又可做从句的宾语 可以省略关系代词 所以应选D 而句2中 主 谓 宾俱全 从句部分为句子的状语表地点 既可用副词where 又因inthemus
10、eum词组 可用介词in which引导地点状语 而此题中 介词on用的不对 所以选A 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分 先行词在从句中做主 定 宾语时 选择关系代词 who whom that which whose 先行词在从句中做状语时 应选择关系副词 where地点状语 when时间状语 why原因状语 区分定语从句和同位语从句1 定语从句修饰先行词 它和先行词是修饰关系 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容 是补充说明的关系 1 TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon 定语从句 2 Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear 同位
11、语从句 2 定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导 关系词在句中充当成分 有时可以省略 同位语从句主要由that引导 在句中一般不做成分 句子也可以由when where how why whether what等词引导 充当成分 1 Thenewshetoldmeistrue 2 Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue 3 Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney 定语 4 Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve 3 同位语从句和先行
12、词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子 而定语从句不可以 1 Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful 2 Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice 3 Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall 4 Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth Exercises Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday mademeveryhappy A whatB th
13、atC whoD which2 Lookatthewatch Don tyouseeitis watch Helenlosttheotherday A asthesame asB thesame asC thesame whichD asthesame that3 isknowntoeverybody themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth A ItB AsC ThatD What 4 Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC thatD it5 A
14、fterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild whichB whereC thatD when6 Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery ofgreatimportancetoscience A whichIthinkisB whichIthinkitisC whichIthinkitD Ithinkwhichis 7 ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday but didn thelp A whichB itC sheD he8 isreportedinthenewspaper talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress A ItB AsC ThatD What9 Isthistheonlyreason atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork A thatheexplainedB whatheexplainedC whyheexplainedD whichheexplained Homework Summarizetherulesofattributiveclause Seeyou
