《双语：世界上十位一直匿名写作的作家》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《双语：世界上十位一直匿名写作的作家（5页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、The identity of Elena Ferrante, the elusive author (and subject of a series of essays in the current issue of T) who has never been photographed, interviewed in person or seen in public, is a matter of intense debate thanks to her sharp, autobiographical novels, which explore female friendship in th
2、e context of Italian society. On the eve of the publication of “Those Who Leave and Those Who Stay,” the third volume in Ferrantes Neapolitan series, we offer a short history of literary masks, from Jonathan Swift to J.K. Rowling.埃琳娜费兰特 (Elena Ferrante)是一个难以捉摸的作家（本期的 T 杂志中也有若干文章是关于她的），她的照片从未公之于众，从不接
3、受个人访谈，也从不在公众中出现，她那些犀利的、自传性质的小说以意大利社会为背景，探索女人之间的友谊，引发了激烈的争论。新书离开的和留下来的(Those Who Leave and Those Who Stay)是她的那不勒斯系列小说的第三卷，在这本书出版前夕，我们来盘点一下那些隐姓埋名的作家们从乔纳森斯威夫特(Jonathan Swift)到 JK罗琳(J. K. Rowling)。Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特Thanks to Swifts cloak-and-dagger tactics, not even his publisher knew the true identi
4、ty of the author of “Gullivers Travels.” The writer sent an intermediary to hand off the manuscript under the cover of night, along with a letter supposedly from Gullivers cousin.由于乔纳森采取间谍式的隐瞒策略，连他的出版社也不知道格列佛游记(Gullivers Travels)的作者是谁。这位作家派中间人在夜间把自己的手稿送出，还附上信函，暗示去信人是格列佛的表亲。Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林 (
5、Benjamin Franklin)The founding father used a number of pseudonyms to publish opinionated newspaper pieces: “Silence Dogood” to critique hypocrisy and hoopskirts; “Polly Baker” to argue for womens rights; “Anthony Afterwit” to detail the tribulations of marriage. Franklins most famous alter ego, “Ric
6、hard Saunders,” authored the popular “Poor Richards Almanack” for 25 years.这位美国的建国先贤用一系列笔名在报纸上发表刚愎自用的文章：不切实际的宁静批评伪善和带裙撑的长裙；波利贝克尔主张妇女权利；事后聪明的安东尼描述婚姻中的痛苦。富兰克林最有名的一个变化人格名叫“查理桑德斯”(Richard Saunders)，他撰写广受欢迎的穷查理年鉴(Poor RichardsAlmanack)长达 25 年。Sir Walter Scott沃尔特司各特爵士 (Sir Walter Scott)Nicknamed “The Grea
7、t Unknown,” Scott secretly published his wildly successful “Waverley” novels and, in so doing, helped forge the genre of historical fiction. He maintained anonymity for years, keeping his work a secret even from his own children, until financial pressures forced him to confess.司各特绰号“伟大的无名氏”，他极为成功的小说
8、威弗利(Waverley)等都是用这个名字出版的，它们为历史小说这种类型奠定了基础。他多年保持匿名，秘密写作，连他的孩子们也不知道这回事，直到家中出现经济压力，他才被迫坦白交代。The Bront sisters勃朗特姊妹(The Bront sisters)Charlotte, Emily and Anne produced their masterworks of Victorian literature under the pseudonyms Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. They chose these androgynous monikers beca
9、use of “a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice,” an impression shared by at least two other great “authoresses” of the day, George Eliot and George Sand.夏洛特(Charlotte)、艾米丽(Emily) 和安妮(Anne) 用柯勒 (Currer)、埃利斯(Ellis) 和阿克顿贝尔(Acton Bell)为笔名发表了维多利亚文学中的杰作。她们采用没有明显性别特征的
10、笔名，是因为她们“有一种模糊的感觉，觉得女性作家容易遭受成见”，至少同时期的另外两位“女作家”乔治艾略特(George Eliot)和乔治桑(George Sand)也和她们有同感。Sholem Aleichem肖洛姆阿莱赫姆 (Sholem Aleichem)At the start of his career, the prolific writer whose work would inspire “Fiddler on the Roof” didnt want his relatives to know he was publishing in Yiddish rather than
11、Hebrew. The novelist, born Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich, adopted the pen name “Sholem Aleichem,” a Hebrew greeting that means “peace be unto you,” and authored dozens of books under the pseudonym.这位作家非常多产，屋顶上的小提琴(Fiddler on the Roof)就是根据他的作品改编的，在他从事写作之初，并不想让亲戚们知道自己是用意第绪语而不是希伯来语写作。于是这位本名所罗门瑙莫维奇 拉宾诺维奇
12、(Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich)的作家起了“肖洛姆阿莱赫姆 ”这个笔名，意思是希伯来语的 “祝愿你获得平静”，他用这个名字写了几十本书。Louisa May Alcott路易莎梅 阿尔科特 (Louisa May Alcott)In addition to her celebrated tales of stalwart sisters and lovable orphans, Alcott wrote lesser-known novels with titles like “The Abbots Ghost, Or Maurice Trehernes Tempt
13、ation” and “Behind a Mask, Or a Womans Power.” She published these stories of love and suspense under the pseudonym A.M. Barnard a mask of her own.除了她那些关于斯图尔特姊妹和可爱的孤儿们的著名故事，阿尔科特还写过一些不那么有名的小说，比如阿博特的幽灵，或毛里斯特伦赫纳的诱惑(The Abbots Ghost, Or Maurice Trehernes Temptation)以及面具之后，或女人的力量(Behind a Mask, Or a Woma
14、ns Power)等，她用笔名 AM巴纳德(A. M. Barnard)发表了这些充满爱意和悬疑的小说，这也是她自己的面具。James Weldon Johnson詹姆斯威尔顿 约翰逊(James Weldon Johnson)In Johnsons groundbreaking “Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man” (1912), a young man of mixed race decides to pass as white. As its author had hoped, the anonymously published novel “pas
15、sed” as memoir until Johnson acknowledged it to be fiction in 1927. “Autobiography” went on to influence generations of African-American writers.在约翰逊 1912 年石破天惊的小说 一个前有色人种的自传 (Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man)中，一个混血儿希望自己以白人的身份蒙混过关。正如作者所愿，这部匿名出版的小说也被当做回忆录而“蒙混过关”了。直到 1927 年，约翰逊才承认它是虚构的。自传继续影响了好几代非裔
16、美国作家。Fernando Pessoa费尔南多佩索阿 (Fernando Pessoa)Thomas Crosse, literary critic. lvaro de Campos, naval engineer. Maria Jos, consumptive hunchback. These are just three of the many characters invented by Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa. Each so-called “heteronym” possessed unique psychologies, biographies and writing styles, and Pessoa published prolifically under their names as well as his own.文学评论家托马斯克罗斯(Th
