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1、 被动语态 thePassiveVoice 一 语态语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的 如果主语是动作的执行者 动词要用主动语态 如果主语是动作的承受者 动词就要用被动语态 二 被动语态的基本结构be 过去分词 人称 数 时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上 三 被动语态适用情况1当我们不知道动作的执行者时 2我们不必提出动作执行者时 3要强调动作承受者时 4出于行文的需要 四 主动句与被动句的转换主动句的结构 主语 谓语 宾语 其它成分被动句的结构 宾语 be 动词过去分词 by 主语 宾格 其它成分可以省略e g 1 PeopleuseEnglishfreely 主动句 Englishisuse
2、d bypeople freely 被动句 五 被动语态的八种时态 时态是表示行为 动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式 一般现在时结构 主语 am is are 过去分词e g 主动句 Shecleansherroomeveryday 被动句 Herroomiscleaned byher everyday 肯定句 否定句 Herroomisn tcleaned byher everyday 一般疑问句 Isherroomcleaned byher everyday 注意 被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化 其时态应与主动句的时态一致 一般过去时结构 主语 was we
3、re 过去分词e g 主动句 TheworkersmadetheVCDlastweek 被动句 TheVCDwasmadebytheworkerslastweek 肯定句 否定句 TheVCDwasn tmadebytheworkerslastweek 一般疑问句 WastheVCDmadebytheworkerslastweek 3 一般将来时结构 主语 willbe 过去分词 e g 主动句 MyfatherwillsendmetoAmericasoon 被动句 肯定句 IwillbesenttoAmericabymyfathersoon 否定句 Iwon tbesenttoAmerica
4、bymyfathersoon 一般疑问句 WillyoubesenttoAmericabyyourfathersoon 4 过去将来时结构 主语 wouldbe 过去分词e g 主动句 Hesaidhewouldpunishthenaughtyboytonight 被动句 肯定句 Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldbepunishedbyhimtonight 否定句 Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldn tbepunishedbyhimtonight 5 现在进行时结构 主语 am is are being 过去分词e g 主动句 Heistellingastory
5、now 被动句 肯定句 Astoryisbeingtoldbyhimnow 否定句 Astoryisn tbeingtoldbyhimnow 一般疑问句 Isastorybeingtoldbyhimnow 6 过去进行时结构 主语 was were being 过去分词e g 主动句 HewastellingastorywhenIcamein 被动句 肯定句 AstorywasbeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein 否定句 Astorywasn tbeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein 一般疑问句 WasastorybeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein 7
6、 现在完成时结构 主语 have has been 过去分词e g 主动句 Theboyhasfinishedthework 被动句 肯定句 Theworkhasbeenfinishedbytheboy 否定句 Theworkhasn tbeenfinishedbytheboy 一般疑问句 Hastheworkbeenfinishedbytheboy 8 过去完成时结构 主语 had been 过去分词e g 主动句 Theyhadbuilttenbuildingsby2003 被动句 肯定句 Tenbuildingshadbeenbuiltbythemby2003 否定句 Tenbuildi
7、ngshadn tbeenbuiltbythemby2003 一般疑问句 Hadtenbuildingsbeenbuiltbythemby2003 练习 1 ManypeoplespeakEnglish 2 TheymadecomputersintheU S A 3 Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings 4 Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines 5 TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou 6 TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass 练习 1 ManypeoplespeakEngli
8、sh Englishisspokenbypeople 2 TheymadecomputersintheU S A ComputersweremadeintheU S Abythem 3 Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings Kniveswereusedforcuttingthingsbypeople 4 Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines Metalwasusedformakingmachinesbypeople 5 TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou SilkwillbeproducedinS
9、uzhouandHangzhoubythem 6 TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass Englishisbeingspokeninclassbythem 7 Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework 8 Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear 9 Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees 10 Theboysweresingingsongsat8 00yesterdayevening 7 Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework Theirhomeworkhas
10、beenfinishedbythem 8 Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear Threecourseshadbeenlearnedbymebytheendoflastyear 9 Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees Theysaidthatmoretreeswouldbeplantedbythem 10 Theboysweresingingsongsat8 00yesterdayevening Songswerebeingsungbytheboysat8 00yesterdayevening 六 被动语态中的特
11、殊情况1 不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时 在变为被动语态时 仍然要带上介词 e g Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass 被动句 Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass e g Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool 被动句 Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool 2 当动词带有复合宾语 有宾补 并且宾补是省去 to 的动词不定式时 在被动语态中应加上 to e g Theymakeusdo
12、allthework 被动句 Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem e g Weoftenhearhersingsongs 被动句 Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus e g Isawhimwalktoschool 被动句 Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme 当动词带有复合宾语 宾补 其宾补是带有 to 的动词不定式时 和一般的被动句变化一样 e g LilyasksmetohelpLucy 被动句 IamaskedtohelpLucybyLily 3 当动词带双宾语时 一个宾语是指人 一个是指物 将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句
13、的主语时 另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来 如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语 在被动句中则指人宾语前应加 to 或 for 常见的动词有givebuy tell teach e g Theygivemesomeapples 被动句 Iamgivensomeapplesbythem Someapplesaregiventomebythem e g Hetoldthechildsomestories 被动句 Thechildwastoldsomestoriesbyhim Somestoriesweretoldtothechildbyhim e g JackteachesusEnglish 被动句 Wea
14、retaughtEnglishbyJack EnglishistaughttousbyJack e g Sheboughtmeabook 被动句 Iwasboughtabookbyher 语法正确 不用 Abookwasboughtformebyher 练习 将下列句子变为被动句 1 LuXunwrotethisbook 2 Theworkersbuiltsomebridges 3 LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully 4 Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom 5 Wetookcareofthethings 练习 将下列句子变为被
15、动句 1 LuXunwrotethisbook ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun 2 Theworkersbuiltsomebridges Somebridgeswerebuiltbytheworkers 3 LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully HisfatherislistenedtocarefullybyLiLei 4 Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom Thebabywaslookedafterintheroombythemother 5 Wetookcareofthethings Thethingsw
16、eretakencareofbyus 6 Theygaveussomework 7 Theboymadethemlaughallthetime 8 Mymotherbuysmeabike 9 Lucyiswateringthetrees 10 Theboywillmendhisbike 6 Theygaveussomework Weweregivensomeworkbythem Someworkwasgiventousbythem 7 Theboymadethemlaughallthetime Theyweremadetolaughallthetimebytheboy 8 Mymotherbuysmeabike Iamboughtabikebymymother Abikeisboughtformebymymother 9 Lucyiswateringthetrees ThetreesarebeingwateredbyLucy 10 Theboywillmendhisbike Hisbikewillbemendedbytheboy 11 Wehavefinishedourcomposit
