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1、国际贸易进出口实务PracticalInternationalTrade debbyyuan1 CourseIntroduction Teachingfocuses Fundamentalsofinternationaltrade basicconcepts principlesininternationaltrade internationalrulesandpracticesPracticalknowledge likeestablishingcontract arranginginsurance transportation payment inspection etcCasestudy
2、 throughcasestudy detailedproblemsandtipswillbediscussed TeachingarrangementsHomeworkFormationoffinalscoreFinalexam60 Classperformance40 homework70 classdiscussion15 attendance15 HomeworkandExam Knowledgeaboutinternationaltrade SomefiguresaboutChina sinternationaltrade 2004totaltradingvolume 1 15tri
3、llion2007totaltradingvolume 2 17trillion2010totaltradingvolume 2 97trillionBiggestTradingPartners EU theU S Japan ASEAN HongKong Chapter1 InternationalTrade InternationalTradeReasonsforinternationaltradeBenefitsofinternationaltradeProblemsininternationaltrade InternationalTrade DefinitionofInternati
4、onalTradeInternationaltradereferstotheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweennations Itistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountryforgoodsandservicesproducedinanothercountry Question SupposethatanAmerican basedmultinationalcompanysetuptwosubsidiariesinChina Theparentcompanysignedasalescontractwith
5、thesubsidiaries whichstipulatedthattheparentcompanywouldmakethedeliverytothesubsidiaryinShanghai whichwouldforwardsomeofthegoodstothesubsidiaryatChengdu Question isthetransactionbetweentheparentcompanyandthetwosubsidiariesconsideredinternationaltrade ReasonsforInternationalTrade ResourcereasonsEcono
6、micreasonsPoliticalreasonsInnovationandpeople sneed politicalreasons Resourcereasons FavorableclimaticconditionsandterrainNaturalresourcesSkilledworkersCapitalresourcesFavorablegeographicallocationandtransportcostsInsufficientproduction Favorableclimaticconditionsandterrain Climaticconditionsandterr
7、ainareveryimportantforagriculturalproduces Thisdifferenceenablessomecountriestogrowcertainplantsandleavesothercountrieswiththeonlychoicetoimporttheproducestheyconsume Examples 咖啡产地 咖啡是一种茜草科 Rubia 常绿植物 生长在热带 tropical 和亚热带 sub tropical 地区 年收获 盛产咖啡豆的国家首属巴西 Brazil 其产量约占 占全世界产量的第一位 其次是哥伦比亚 Colombia 占 因此
8、咖啡有六成在中南美 中国云南 海南有少量生产 被认为是咖啡顶级品的蓝山咖啡 BlueMountainCoffee 产于牙买加 Jamaica 西部的蓝山山脉 因而得名 蓝山海拔2256公尺 咖啡树栽种于1000米左右的险峻山坡地带 牙买加岛属热带雨林气候 四季和昼夜温差不大 年均气温为26C 年均最高气温为31C 最低为21 7C 7 9月为高温季节 气温在30 34 5C之间 最高可达36 37C Food Worldmajoragriculturalproductsexportingcountries TheU S Canada France Australia Argentina Chi
9、na Brazil SouthAfrica Thailand NaturalResources MiddleEast crudeoilSouthAfrica 白金platinum 黄金gold 铬chromium Chile Peru Zaire copperBahamas touristresortKorea ginseng Skilledworkers US JapanandwesternEuropeancountrieshaveskilledworkerswhoareabletomanufacturesophisticatedequipmentandmachinerysuchasjeta
10、ircraftsandcomputers Animportantpartoftechnologytransferisthetrainingoftechnicalworkers Skilledworkers Swisswatch提起瑞士 人们很快会联想到OMEGA Rolex等驰名世界的名贵钟表 瑞士的钟表工业是从家庭手工业 cottageindustry 开始的 钟表制造技术世代相传 这使得瑞士的钟表工业能够得到保持和发展 Skilledworkers GermancartechnicianChinesechefIndianITtalents Indiaisthe2ndlargestsoftw
11、areexporter Capitalresources Developingcountriesneedtomodernizetheirindustriesandeconomieswithadvancedmachinery equipmentandplantthattheyarenotyetabletomanufacturebecauseofthelackofcapital Thishasgivenrisetotheneedforinternationaltrade Favorablegeographicallocationandtransportcosts Countriesdevelopt
12、radebecausetheyareclosetoeachother Sino JapanesetradeUS CanadaEUSomecountriesbecomebigtradingcountriesbecausetheyhavenaturalharborsRotterdaminHollandSingaporeHongKongTaiwan Singapore 新加坡位于马来半岛 Malaya 最南端 领土由新加坡岛和附近54个小岛组成 地理位置十分重要 向称 东方十字路口 扼守着马六甲海峡 straits 入口处的航行要道 国际航运 航空和贸易中心新加坡以此为基础 从邻国大量进口各类初级产
13、品 rawproducts 汇总 分级 包装后再行出口 形成了以转口贸易 entrepottrade 和航运业 shipping 为主体的独特经济类型 新加坡四面环海 以炼油 oilrefining 和造船 shipbuildingandrepairing 为核心的工业部门具有世界意义 Rotterdam Knownasthe GatewaytoEurope theNetherlandsdominatesageographiclocationasoptimalasTaiwan ItliesintheeconomicandtradinghubofEurope Over55 ofthecargoe
14、shandledinRotterdamaredestinedforotherEuropeannations Insufficientproduction Somecountriescannotproduceenoughitemstheyneed UK only5 ofitspopulationisengagedinagricultureandtheymainlygrowfruitsandflowers Asaresult theyhavetoimport60 ofitstotalagriculturalconsumption China insufficientwheat crudeoilpr
15、oduction TwoImportantPrinciplesinForeignTrade AbsoluteAdvantageComparativeAdvantageBasicconceptsOpportunitycost机会成本Labortheoryofvalue劳动价值论 Opportunitycost Opportunitycostistheamountofanothergoodsorservicesthatmightotherwisehavebeenproduced Theeconomiststhinktheprovisionofproductionelementsislimited
16、andpeoplecannotproducegoodsunlimitedly Inthissituation iftheproductionelementsareusedinproducingproductA thentheproductionofproductBhastobegivenup Ifthisisthecase thebenefitsbroughtbyproducingBistheopportunitycostofproducingA Undertheguidanceofopportunitycost limitedresourcescanbeallocatedtoyieldmaximumprofit Labortheoryofvalue Forclassicaleconomists thevalueofgoodsisdeterminedbythecostofproduction withtherelativecostofproductionofvariousgoodsrevealedbythelaborcontent Forinstance supposethatgood
