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1、被动语态 1 Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes 2 Englishisspokenbymanypeople 4 Lucky52iswatchedonTVbymanypeople 3 Theticketsaboutheroesaresoldout 5 RiceisplantedinSouthChina 6 Heissaidagoodboy 语态 表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系 英语有两种语态 即主动语态和被动语态 主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者 如 ManystudentsstudyEnglish 主
2、动语态 Englishisstudiedbymanystudents 被动语态 语态 助动词be有人称 数的变化 其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样 如 Thedeskismadeofwood Thedesksaremadeofwood Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher 被动语态的结构 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词 不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构 1 一般现在时的被动语态结构 bymanystudents 主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 ManystudentsstudyEnglish English isstudied 2 Theymakeshoesinthatf
3、actory Shoes aremade bythem inthatfactory 主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语 3 把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语 by短语可以省 by短语后跟代词的宾格 bytheteacher 3 Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions He isasked questions 1 找宾语 即动作的承受者 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes 2 判断宾语的单复数 即be动词的单复数 aremade 3 判断动词的时态 即be动词的时态
4、4 修改谓语的形式 即原句动词改为过去分词 5 修改原句的主语 即by 宾语 原主语 bythem 主变被解题步骤 主变宾 宾变主 谓动bedone时不变 人称 数 格随着变 TheyplayfootballonSunday Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening Theyoftenusecomputersinclass WemakethesemachinesinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersareoftenusedbytheminc
5、lass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing Practice 肯定句 主语 be 过去分词 by 否定句 主语 benot 过去分词 by 一般疑问句 Be 主语 过去分词 by 特殊疑问句 疑问词 be 主语 过去分词 by bymanystudents English isstudied bymanystudents English isnotstudied 句式 IsEnglishstudiedbymanystudents WhoisEnglishstudiedby ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersare
6、oftenusedbytheminclass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday Practice 1 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm bythemlastterm 2 一般过去时的被动语态结构 was were 过去分词 lastyear 2 Weplantedmanytreeslastyear Manytrees wereplanted Tencomputers werebought Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear Hetookgoodcar
7、eofhislittlebrotheryesterday Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow Theyusedthisroomforresting Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem 3 一般将来时的被动语态结构 willbe 过去分词 1 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays by
8、themintendays Thework willbefinished 2 Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow Theroom willbecleaned by Tom tomorrow Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek Somephotoswillbetakenbychildreninthe
9、schooltomorrow Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon 4 含有情态动词的被动语态结构 can may must should be 过去分词 1 AmycantakegoodcareofGina byAmy Gina canbetakengoodcareof 2 Youshoulddrinkmorewater Morewater shouldbedrunk byyou 1 Hecantakecareofthebaby 2 Lucymaydrawthepictures 3 Youmustturnoffthelights 4 The
10、yshouldlearnEnglishwell Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem 5 现在进行时的被动语态的结构 is am are being 过去分词 1 Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow bysomeworkersnow Therooms arebeingpainted 2 HeiswatchingTV TV isbeingwatched byhim 6
11、 现在完成时的被动语态的结构 have has been 过去分词 1 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys byus Twentymorekeys havebeenmade 2 Wehavefinishedourcompositions Ourcompositions havebeenfinished byus 表格 被动态基本结构 am is aredone was weredone am is arebeingdone was werebeingdone shall will begoingtobedone wouldbedone have hasbeendone hadbe
12、endone Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren 这些书是为儿童写的 Ihaven tbeentoldaboutit 没有人告诉我这件事 被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 It s wassaid believed reported that It sreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake 据报道 这次地震中大约有三百人死亡 2 强调动作的承受者 这时应用by短语 ThecupwasbrokenbyDavid 3 作客观说明时 常采用一种被动语态句型 如 1 H
13、egavemeabook Iwasgivenabookbyhim 以I做主语 AbookwasgiventomebyTom 以物book作主语 2 HeteachesusEnglish WearetaughtEnglishbyhim 以人当主语 Englishistaughttousbyhim 以物作主语 被动语态的几种类型 1 带双宾语句子的被动语态 指物的宾语叫直接宾语 指人的宾语叫间接宾语 常见的接双宾语的动词有 to pass give teach show bring handfor make buy draw sing get 以 人 当主语时 变法和一般的变法一样 以 物 当主语
14、时 在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for keep make三类的动词常常有宾语补足语 在被动语态中 宾语补足语位置不变 Wekeepfoodfreshinthefridge 主谓宾宾补 Foodiskeptfreshinthefridge Isawhimgointotheofficebuilding Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding 2 含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 不及物动词没有宾语 因此没有被动语态 但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后 其作用相当于及物动词 可以接宾语 因而也可以变为被动语态 在变成被动语态时 不能去掉构成短语
15、动词的介词或副词 Theytakegoodcareofmychild Mychildistakengoodcareof Iturnedofftheradio Theradiowasturnedoff byme 3 含有短语的主动语态变被动语态 下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式 不需再加 bybecoveredwith 用 覆盖着beinterestedin 对 感兴趣besurprisedat 对 感到惊奇bemadeof from 用 制造的 动词短语的被动语态takecareof betakencareofcutdown becutdownlaughat belaughedatlooka
16、fter belookedafter 即feel hear listen have make let look watch see notice 这些词在主动句中 其后的动词不定式不加to 但变被动句时必须加to 1 IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday He wasseen toplaybasketballlastSunday 2 Weheardthemsingintheclassroom They washeard tosingintheclassroom 4 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 1 当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时 不能改为被动语态 Weoftenhelpeachother 我们常常互相帮助 2 当谓语是表状态的及物动词时 如have like takeplace belongto 如 Iliketheseflowers 我喜欢这些花 Iwillhaveameeting 不说Ameetingwillbehad 应说Ameetingwillbeheld 5 不能用于被动语态的几种情况 把下列句子变成被动语态 Acarknockedhimd
