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1、被动语态 东关实验中学外语组 语态 表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系 英语有两种语态 即主动语态和被动语态 主动语态 表示主语是谓语动作的执行者 被动语态 表示主语是谓语动作的承受者 如 ManystudentsstudyEnglish 主动语态 Englishisstudiedbymanystudents 被动语态 语态 1 不知道动作的执行者是谁 何时使用被动语态 Mybikewasstolenyesterday 2 没有必要指出动作的执行者 Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear 3 需要强调或突出动作的承受者 Chineseisspokenbymoreandmore
2、peopleintheworld 被动语态的结构 助动词be 过去分词 be done 一般现在时 am is are done 一般过去时 was were done 一般将来时 willbe begoingtobe done 情态动词 must can could may be done 现在进行时 be am is are being done 现在完成时 have has been done 被动语态的构成 be done 各种时态的被动语态 1 WearegladthattheShenzhenUnderground verysoon 2013深圳 A willbecompletedB
3、 willcompleteC hascompletedD hasbeencompleted2 Thecomputer inJapanin2003andIhavehaditforonlyoneweek 2013中考 A wasmadeB canbemadeC ismadeD made 历届中考题 对被动语态句子时态的考核 由时间状语verysoon可以确定该句应该用一般将来时的被动语态 由时间状语in2003 过去的时间 可以确定该句应该用一般过去时的被动语态 3 Hewillgofishingifhiswork 2013河北 A isdoneB willbedoneC hasdoneD hav
4、edone4 Today theforestshavealmostgone Peoplemust downtoomanytrees 2013安徽 A stoptocutB stopfromcuttingC bestoppedtocutD bestoppedfromcutting 历届中考题 被动语态知识点的综合考核 7 在条件状语从句中 主句用一般将来时从句要用现在时 同时该句又应该用被动语态 8 对句式 stopsb fromdoingsth 被动语态的考核 sb bestoppedfromdoingsth B选项如果去掉 from 成为另一句式 stopdoingsth 也是对的 Grad
5、e3 主动语态如何变被动语态 WespeakEnglish 主语 谓语 宾语 Englishisspokenbyus 主语 谓语 宾语 宾变主 主变介宾谓变bedone时不变 be体现时态 人称和数的变化 主动语态 被动语态 TheyplayfootballonSunday Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening Theyoftenhelphimwithhomework WemakethesemachinesinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Heiso
6、ftenhelpedwithhomeworkbythem ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing 1 Theyboughtacomputerlastterm bythemlastterm 2 一般过去时的被动语态结构 was were 过去分词 lastyear 2 Weplantedmanytreeslastyear Manytrees wereplanted Acomputer wasbought Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday Wecleanedour
7、classroomjustnow Theyusedtheroomsforresting Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow Theroomswereusedforrestingbythem 3 一般将来时的被动语态结构 begoingtobe willbe 过去分词 1 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays bythemintendays Thework willbe
8、finished 2 Tomisgoingtocleantheroomtomorrow Theroom isgoingtobecleaned byTomtomorrow Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow Theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow
9、 Atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon 4 含有情态动词的被动语态结构 can may must should be 过去分词 1 AmycantakegoodcareofGina byAmy Gina canbetakengoodcareof 2 Youshoulddrinkmorewater Morewater shouldbedrunk byyou 1 Hecantakecareofthebaby 2 Lucymaydrawthepictures 3 Youmustturnoffthelights 4 Theyshouldle
10、arnEnglishwell Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem 5 现在完成时的被动语态的结构 have has been 过去分词 Wehavemadeakey byus Akey hasbeenmade 2 Wehavefinishedourcompositions Ourcompositions havebeenfinished byus 被动语态的几种特殊类型 1 带双宾语句子的被动语
11、态 指物的宾语叫直接宾语 指人的宾语叫间接宾语 如 1 Hegavemeabook givemeabook 间 直 giveabooktome 直 间 Iwasgivenabookbyhim AbookwasgiventomebyTom 2 Iboughthimabook Hewasboughtabookbyme Abookwasboughtforhimbyme to pass give show bring sell send tell teach return lendfor make buy get choose cook Theytakegoodcareofmychild Iturne
12、dofftheradio 2 含有短语的主动语态变被动语态 Mychildistakengoodcareof Theradiowasturnedoff byme 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体 在变为被动语态时 不可丢掉构成的动词短语的介词和副词 即hear watch see make let 这些词在主动句中 其后的动词不加to 但变被动句时必须加to 1 IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday He wasseen toplaybasketballlastSunday 2 Thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours He ismade toworkf
13、or10hours 3 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 Payattentiontothis 1 像happen takeplace 不及物动词没有被动语态 不用被动语态的情况 Atrafficaccident happen justnow happened 2 连系动词look sound taste smell等不用被动语态 Mooncakestastedelicious Theideasoundsgreat 1 当表示主语质地 自身特征的动词open lock write read sell clean wash cut burn drive与副词well或easily连用时 可用主动语态
14、表被动意义 用作不及物动词 Thiskindofpenwritessmoothly Thiskindofshirt wellhere 这种样式的衬衣在这儿很好卖 sells 主动形式表被动意义 2 在beworthdoing中 doing表被动意义 Thebookisworthreading 3 needdoing needtobedonetobedone表不定式的被动结构 Mybikeneedsrepairing Mybikeneedstoberepaired Trythis 1 Lastyear LiHua acollegestudent toworkfortheOlympicGames
15、2008 河北 AischoosingBisCwaschoosingDwaschosen2 Who sthelittlebabyinthephoto Susan It sme thisphoto tenyearsago 2008 北京 AtakesBistakenCtookDwastaken3 It sreportedthattheUndergroundLinesNo 3 inourcityin2010 2008 南京 AwillbuildBhasbuildCwillbebuiltDhasbeenbuilt4 Lookatthesignontheright Ok parking here 20
16、08 河南 Adoesn tallowBisn tallowedCdidn tallowDwasn tallowed 5 Whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage Alotofnewroads Ithink 2008 呼尔浩特 AmustbebuiltBhavetobuildCmustbuildDhavebuilt6 Doyoubelievetherearealiens I mafraidnot Idon tthinkaliens inspace 2008 黄冈 AcanfindBcanbefoundCcanbefoundedDcan tbefound7 Alice You onthephone I mcoming Thanks 2008 辽宁 AwantBarewantedCarewantingDhavewanted8 Thethief bythepolicemanalready 2008 杭州 AiscaughtBcaughtChascaughtDhasbeencaught9 Mary thesongataparty 2008 广
