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1、Unit 58 语法知识 动词不定式：1）动词不定式的基本形式是“be+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，其否定形式是“not to +动词原形”。2）动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1. 用作宾语 (v. + to do ) ： I want （ buy） a computer.She hopes （find）a better job.I wish （go）with you.need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to
2、do refuse to do begin to do start to do try to do forget to do remember to do like to do Stop to do go on to do 2.用作宾语补足语（v.+ sb. + to do ）: She asked me (help)her.The teacher told him (come)on time.Edisons mother taught him (read)and write. want sb to do wish sb to do get sb to do order sb to do fi
3、nd sb to be like sb to do would like sb to do help sb to do 作宾语补足语不带to 的情况:常见动词有： 一感： 比较：二听： I saw her crossing the street.三让: 四看: I saw her cross the street.3用作状语： I went there (see)my teacher. She came back （get）her English book. The box was too heavy （move）.4.用作主语（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）1）.To be an actr
4、ess is my dream. It is my dream to be an actress 2）. To go abroad is his dream. 3）. To say is easy, to do is difficult 常用句型： Its +adj+of sb+to do sth.Eg:你能邀请我，你真是太善良了。Its very kind of you （invite） me.若形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.Eg:你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。
5、 Its clever of you the maths problemIts +adj+for sb+to do sth.若形容词是描述事物的性质，用for sb.这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard， important，dangerous，（im）possible等。 Eg:对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险 Its very dangerous for children the busy street. Eg:对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 Its difficult the work. 5用作表语 His work is (feed)the animals Her j
6、ob is （look） after the patients My wish is （be）a scientist6.用作定语 （这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，介词不能省略） Give me something （drink）.They have much food （eat）.He asked for a room （live） in I dont have a pen (write)with.7.疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how加to do可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 When to start
7、 has not been decided. 语 比较： I dont know what to do. 语 I dont know what to do.He can tell you where to get the book 语 I dont know how to do it.The question is who(m) to ask. 语 I dont know what to do about it练习：一 说出句中的不定式，以及在句中作什么成分1. It takes you ten minutes to get there. 2. I hope to see him soon.
8、3. His wish is to become an artist. 4. People eat to live, but not live to eat. 5. I have a lot to tell you. 6. We often see him play football. 7. Its not right to be always thinking of oneself. 二 ， 翻译1 跳舞非常有趣。 2 种些植物是非常有必要的。 3 说英语对我来说并不容易。 4 你长大了想做什么？ 5我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。 6她有几个问题要问。 7. 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。 8他
9、是一个值得信赖的人。 9 爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。 10 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。 三. 选择1. They looked for him everywhere and found him _ under the tree. a. lies b. lying c. lay d. lain2. I saw him _ the supermarket just now.a. enteredb. entering c. enterd. to enter3. The girl who sold matches was found _ the next morning.a. dieb. dyin
10、g c. died d. dead4.-Do you remember _ me somewhere in Hangzhou? -Yes. I think thats 2 years ago.a. see b. seeing c. to see d. saw5. The scientist stopped _ to me though he was busy. a. talkingb. to talk c. to have talk d. having talk6. The more you think about it, the more questions you will think of _. a. ask b. asked c. asking d. to ask7. The doctor did what he could _ that child.a. save b. to save c. saved d. saving8. I have no pen _
