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1、学术英语社科 AcademicEnglishforSocialSciences 8 HardPower SoftPower SmartPowerPeopleoftenassociatepowerofanationwithmilitarymightoreconomicstrength Istheresomethingmoretotheconceptofpower Theanswerisintheaffirmative atleasttosomewhostudypoliticalscience Thisunitexploresthecomplexnatureofpowerandhowitimpac
2、tsinternationalrelations Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower UnitContents TextA TextB Listening Speaking Lead in Writing TextC Lead in Lead intask Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower Lead in TaskWorkingroupsof3 4 Readthedefinitionofthefollowingexpression Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower carrotand
3、stick carrotorstick anidiomaboutpower figuratively 比喻地 usedtorefertoapolicyofofferingacombinationofrewardsandpunishmenttoinducebehaviorBrainstormandwritedownwhatyouassociatewithpower Example Powerismoney Powerislikethesun Poweris like NowreadTextAtoseehowtheauthorsdescribepower TextA Criticalreading
4、andthinkingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurpose SpecializedvocabularyCollocationsSignpostlanguageFormalEnglish Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysisInTextAtheauthorsexplainthecomplexnatureofpowerfromtheperspectiveofpoliticalscience Un
5、it8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis Definitionofpower Poweristhetermusedtorepresentthesumofacountry scapabilities Para 2 Formsofpower 1 tangiblepower militarymuscle wealth etc 2 intangiblepower nationalwillpower diplomaticskills etc Unit8HardPower S
6、oftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis Characteristicsofpower 1 Assetvs goal1 Powerisanassetthatcanbeappliedtohelpcountriesachievegoals Analogybetweenpowerandmoney Powerisakintomoney Moneybuysthings powercausesthingstohappen Powerislessliquidthanmoney Powerhasnostan
7、dardmeasurement Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis Analogybetweenmoneyandpower Weallexpendmoneyasanasset Wealsoseektoacquiremoneyandtobuildupareserveagainstbothanticipatedneedsandcontingencies Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower 2 Powerisalsoagoa
8、lascountriesseek acquire orpreservesufficientpowertopursuetheirnationalgoals TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis Debate Thedualityofpowerasanassetandagoalcreatesadebateoverwhethermoreisalwaysbetter 1 somepeople sview Countriescanbecomefixatedonacquiringpower esp militarypower 2 crit
9、ics view Itisunwisebecausepowerisexpensive Itspawnsinsecurityinothers 3 realists view Therealdangerisunwiseuseofthepoweryouhavebywastingitonmarginalgoals Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis 2 Hardpowervs softpower1 HardpowerDefinition theabilityto
10、makesomeoneelsedosomethingorsuffertheconsequencesCharacteristics negativeincentives threats sticks positiveincentives inducement carrots Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis 2 Hardpowervs softpower2 SoftpowerDefinition theabilitytopersuadeotherstof
11、ollowyourleadbybeinganattractiveexample Debate Whichoneismoredesirable Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA View1 HardpowerismoredesirableReasons Hardpoweriseasiertoappreciateasitiseasiertoseethatcertaincoercivemeasuresorpositiveincentiveshavebeenusedandtoobser
12、vetheresult Countriesfollowothercountries leadbecausetheysharethesameinterests notbecauseofaltruisticsentimentssuchasadmiration View2 Softpowercanbepotentpoint Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA Difficultsentences Becausepowercouldberegardedbothasanassetandasagoal thistwofacetsofitcausepeople
13、toargueifmoreisalwaysbetter Thedualityofpowerasanassetandagoalcreatesadebateoverwhethermoreisalwaysbetter Para 5 Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA Difficultsentences Somepeoplebelievethatcountriescanbecomefixatedonacquiringpower especiallymilitarypower beyondwhatisprudentlyneededtomeetpossib
14、leexigencies Para 5 Somepeoplebelievethatcountriescouldbecomesoobsessedwithpower especiallymilitarypower thattheyembarkonaninfinitejourneytoacquirepowerthatismorethanexigencieswouldrequire Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA Difficultsentences PresidentBush whoin2002professedhis respect for th
15、evalues judgment andinterestsofourfriendsandpartners butwhoalsoasserted Wewillbepreparedtoactapart ifnecessaryand willnotallow disagreements withallies toobscureourdeterminationtosecure ourfundamentalinterestsandvalues Para 9 In2002 PresidentBushdeclaredthatherespectedthevalues judgment andinterests
16、oftheirfriendsandpartners buthebelievedthatAmericanswouldnotallowtheiralliestopreventAmericansfromprotectingtheirowninterestsandvalues Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower TextA Groupdiscussion Formgroupsof4 5andhaveadiscussionaboutthesoftpowerthefollowingcountrieshave 1 theU S 2 TheU K 3 China Unit8HardPower SoftPower SmartPower Specializedvocabulary TextA Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose Definethefollowingtermsbalanceofpowersoftpowerpowercapacityhardpowerrealistsrealpolitikcoercivediplomacynat
