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1、 牛津版高中英语Module 5 Unit 1 GRAMMAR 非谓语动词【知识点归纳】I.概述1.基本形式的变化：不定式：时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)He int
2、ended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)v-ing形式：时态主动态被 动 态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注意：不及物动词没有被动式动名词I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time）He is proud of being se
3、lected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）Im confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)（= I am confident that he have passed the exam.）He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)现在分词He sat in a chair, reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being exhausted by wo
4、rk, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词动名词不定式过去分词注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。II.基本知识1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分作主语。To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.To make mon
5、ey is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desi
6、re，elect，long，(happen，seem) He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。I didnt expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。作定语（常置于
7、名词之后）。由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词代词的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)She is always the first student to arrive at school.
8、He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。I dont think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。I have no desire to travel.Youll find something to interest you here.注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。I havent decided which hotel to stay at.I found no one
9、 to play with.作状语I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒） (表目的)They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)He tried only to fail.（结果没有成功） She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：able, afraid, angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, consi
10、derate, delighted, difficult, eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。Im sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.作独立副词成分。To speak
11、frankly, I dont like your attitude.与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。注意：在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder, consider, understan
12、d, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。He didnt know what to do next.I havent decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。不定式的复合结构由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。His idea is for u
13、s to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：brave, careless, clever, courageous, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, thoughtless, wrong, wise等。Its kind of you to say so.Its brave of you to go into the burning building to save
14、the baby!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿不带to 的动词不定式在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell,hear, watch等。The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.I heard her say that she was fed up.在下列结构后常用不带to的动
15、词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。Id better go now, or Ill miss the train.They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。There is no choice but to go there.There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带toWhy argue with him?
