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1、 优盟优盟优盟优盟名师课程内部讲义名师课程内部讲义名师课程内部讲义名师课程内部讲义 上海优盟教育中心上海优盟教育中心上海优盟教育中心上海优盟教育中心 版权所有 严禁复制 电话 021 50396388 www bestedu org 1 语法讲座语法讲座语法讲座语法讲座 动名词动名词动名词动名词 一 动名词的形式 1 动名词的时态与语态形式 动名词的时态与语态形式与现在分词完全一样 以 do 为例 共有四种形式 doing being done having done having been done 注 正因为动名词和现在分词的形式一样 所以在我们的教科书与一些英语语法书中 把动 名词和现在
2、分词统一称为 ing 分词 现在为了方便学习与记忆 所以我们还是把动名词专门列 出进行分析讲解 A 动名词的一般式 doing doing 一般并不强调动作发生的时间 所以与谓语动词作比较的话 这个动作可以在谓语动 词之前发生 也可以在谓语动词的同时发生 还可以在谓语动词之后发生 甚至根本就不涉及 到时间这个问题 eg He decided to give up smoking Reading a lot can help me to understand better The boy practises playing the piano every evening Smoking is h
3、armful B 动名词的完成形式 having done having done 所表示的动作都发生在谓语动词之前 eg He didn t mention having met you before I have no idea of their having done such a thing The old teacher was given a medal for having completed sixty years of teaching Mrs Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for having discovered the elemen
4、t radium C 动名词的被动形式 being done being done 所表示的是一个被动的动作 eg Mike came into the office without being asked The problem is far from being settled 注 在一些特定的动词或词组后面 动名词用的是主动形式 但表示的是被动的意义 如在 want need require be worth 等词之后 eg The flower wants watering to be watered The old clock needs oiling to be oiled The
5、 problem requires considering again to be considered again The book is worth reading is worthy to be read D 动名词的完成被动形式 having been done having been done 所表示的是一个发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作 eg Tom was ashamed of having been scolded by the principal I still remembered having been taken to Suzhou by my mother when
6、I was 5 2 动名词的否定形式 动名词的否定形式就是在动名词之前加 not eg He insisted on Lisa s not going there alone He was criticized for not having finished his homework 3 动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构就是在动名词前用名词或代词的所有格 sb s doing 这个所有格通常就 是这个动名词的逻辑主语 eg Do you mind my opening the window Tom s getting up early surprised his parents 注 1 如果
7、这个动名词是作宾语 那么我们还可以用宾格加动名词 而当动名词是作主语时 就只能用所有格 如上面的第一个例子就能改成 Do you mind me opening the window 但第二 个例子的 Tom s 或 His 不能换成 Tim 或 Him 优盟优盟优盟优盟名师课程内部讲义名师课程内部讲义名师课程内部讲义名师课程内部讲义 上海优盟教育中心上海优盟教育中心上海优盟教育中心上海优盟教育中心 版权所有 严禁复制 电话 021 50396388 www bestedu org 2 另外 如果这个动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的 物 时 我们通常也不用所有格 eg You can hear th
8、e noise of desks being opened and closed outside the school 注 2 并不是所有的动名词前都要加所有格的 所以只有在需要时才用动名词的复合结构 有 时用与不用 意义是不同的 试比较 Do you mind turning on the light Do you mind my turning on the light 二 动名词的功能 1 作主语 eg Getting up early is a good habit Teaching English is my work Breathing became difficult when
9、they reached the top of the mountain There is no joking about such matters 动名词作主语时 也可以用 it 作形式主语 如 It is no use crying over spilt milk It is a waste of time quarrelling with each other 动名词与不定式都能作主语 但动名词一般表示的是比较抽象的行为 或者目前的动作 而 不定式则往往用来表示具体的动作 特别是将来的动作 试比较 A Smoking is not allowed in the library It s
10、not very good for you to smoke so much B Building houses is their job They are builders I am on duty today To keep the classroom clean is my duty 有的时候 选择动名词还是不定式作主语 要根据习惯搭配或者句子的平衡来定 eg A It s important to study English well It is no good reading without thorough comprehension B Seeing is believing T
11、o see is to believe 2 作表语 eg His hobby is collecting stamps The real problem is getting to know the needs of the market 动名词和不定式都能作表语 它们之间的区别与作主语时的区别相同 试比较 His job is cleaning the toilets but his dream is to be the manager of the company 3 作定语 动名词作定语 一般放在被修饰词之前 主要用于讲清被修饰词的用途或目的 eg a sleeping bag a ba
12、g for sleeping drinking water water for drinking a smoking room a room for smoking 动名词与现在分词都能作定语 但现在分词作定语时 往往用来表示所修饰名词的动作或状 态 与被修饰词是主谓关系 eg a sleeping lion a lion that is was sleeping boiling water water that is was boiling a smoking chimney a chimney that is was smoking 试比较 a dancing hall a dancing
13、 girl a swimming pool the swimming dog the waiting room the waiting patients Practice Read the following short passage and try to find out the answer to the questions Some boys put up a notice outside their garden gate which read NOTICE If you are interested in water sports swimming diving floating
14、etc come and see the floating match here this afternoon Admission 3 pence 优盟优盟优盟优盟名师课程内部讲义名师课程内部讲义名师课程内部讲义名师课程内部讲义 上海优盟教育中心上海优盟教育中心上海优盟教育中心上海优盟教育中心 版权所有 严禁复制 电话 021 50396388 www bestedu org 3 Some people paid their three pence and went inside What did they expect to see And what do you think t they
15、will see Key They expected to see a match for floating But all they saw was a match stick floating in a basin of water They expected to see a gerund and all they saw was a participle 4 作宾语 在英语中 动名词与不定式都能作宾语 根据词汇的惯用法 动名词作宾语可以分成以下几 种类型 A 只用动名词 不能用不定式 在高考词汇为范围中 常见的只用动名词 不能用不定式作宾语的动词有 admit advise allow
16、 appreciate avoid consider deny dislike enjoy escape excuse fancy finish forbid imagine keep mind miss permit practise risk suggest 等 eg I have just finished writing the letter You should avoid catching cold 注 在以上动词中 我们不可以用不定式作宾语 并不意味着我们不可以用不定式作它们的宾 补 如 allow sb to do sth advise sb to do sth 等 都是用不定式作宾补的例子 B 只用不定式 不能用动名词 常用的这类动词有 agree decide desire expect hope offer pretend promise refuse 等等 eg Karl Marx decided to study Russian when he was over fifty I hope to meet you soon C 既可用动名词 又可用不定式 而且意
