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1、专题01 冠词和名词I.单项填空1.【2019江苏卷】26.Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。2.【2019天津卷】7.We can observ
2、e that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。3.【2018天津】6. The_ that there is life on other
3、 planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句
4、that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。4.【2018江苏】32. Trytounderstandwhatsactually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A. assignment B. associationC. acquisition D. assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是
5、按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition获得；D. assumption假设。故选D。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。5.【2016天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D.
6、chance 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。考点：考查名词辨析。6.【2016浙江】2._prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a【答案】D【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词，第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。7【20
7、15四川卷】 Brian is gifted in writing music； he is very likely to be _ Beethoven.A a B an C the D不填【答案】A【解析】此处表示“下一个贝多芬”，应使用不定冠词。句意：布赖恩在谱曲上有天赋，他很可能成为下一个贝多芬。【考点定位】考查冠词。【名师点睛】考查冠词。冠词是高考英语中的难点和重点，考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。本题中首先根据Beethoven排除选项B，因为不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。通常情况下人名前是不加冠词的，但是如果指一个像某个名人的人时，在这
8、个人名前加不定冠词。8. 【2015陕西卷】_more learned a man is，_ more modest he usually becomes.A. The; the B. A; a C. The; a D. A; the 【答案】A【解析】此处冠词构成“the 比较级， the 比较级”句型，表示“越就越”。故选A。句意：一个人学的东西越多，他就会越谦虚。考查冠词。9【2015浙江卷】 Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years, but one thing or another al
9、ways got in _ way.A. a; / B. the; theC. /; the D. a; the【答案】D【解析】句意：简的奶奶很多年来一直想写一本(关于)孩子的书，但总是被这事或那事耽搁了。第一空a childrens book中的a表示“一本”，所以用不定冠词a；而第二空涉及的in the way是固定用法，表示“挡道，阻碍”，所以用定冠词the。综合以上内容可知选D项。本题的第一空有些考生可能会错选the，认为是特定情况，但要注意the表示确切的某地或某时的状况，而此处没有限定childrens book的相关信息。10. 【2015重庆卷】I just heard_ b
10、ank where Dora works was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask. A. the; /B. a; /C. the; aD. a; the【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词。句意：我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行，可知表示特指，用the；第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指，用a。 II.语法填空1.【2019新课标I卷】Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable
11、, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。2.【2019浙江卷】Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。3. 【2019新课标II卷】When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was _69_
12、 joke.【答案】a【解析】a 考查冠词。根据前面We dont have any idea who put grandma forward我们不知道谁提名了祖母，以及she was short-listed接到电话说她入围了，开始我们以为这是一个玩笑，a joke一个玩笑，故填a。4.【2019全国I】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _66_ (believe) that
13、populations are increasing.【答案】belief【解析】考查词性转换。由其前不定冠词和其后that引导的同位语从句可知，空格处需填名词形式。故填belief。5. 【2019全国III】When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.【答案】competition 【解析】考查词性转换。形容词interesting应
14、该修饰名词，而且空前有不定冠词an，故填单数名词competition。6. 【2019浙江6】Other American studies showed no _64_(connect) between uniforms and school performance.【答案】connection/connections 【解析】考查名词。根据no可知，后面需要connect的名词形式，语意表示“联系、连接”，故填connection/connections。7. 【2019北京】No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various _6_(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save powerthe possibilities are endless.【答案】activities 【解析】考查名词的复数形式，因为前面的形容词是various“各种各样的”，因此用名词的复数形式activities。8.【2018全国II】Diets have ch
