2020年高考英语语法填空高频考点.doc

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1、语法填空1. 考纲解读,知己知彼新课标全国卷语法填空题,是2014年开始实施的,到2019年,已经连续考了六年。语法填空题型命题素材为短文形式。要求如下:在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生,阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2. 题型解读,了然于胸语法填空题设空10个,大致有如下特点:(1)有提示词的为7个空,无提示词为3个空;(2)有提示词一般考查:动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词(人称代词、物主代词)等;(3)无提示词一般考查:冠词、介词、连词、代词(不定代词)等; 3. 考点剖析,游刃有余 具体策略:我们一

2、一分析,以便对症下药。首先我们讲一下7个给出提示词的考点:(有提示词一般考查:动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等;)动词(重要考点,着重讲解) 如果该空给出动词原形,我们有三个考虑:填写谓语部分(考查时态、语态),或是填写非谓语动词(动词的-ing形式,动词不定式);或填写词性转化 (转为名词、形容词)。 例1:My main interest in volunteering started from realizing that traveling not only 62 (offer) chances to see new places, but opportunities of meeti

3、ng and understanding new people本题给出了动词offer,我们要根据上面的规律考虑变化,结合语境可知此处用一般现在时,表示一般的情况。例2. A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.例3. In Logan, three people _ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.例4. (本题61题):The keys to reachi

4、ng or staying at a healthy weight 61 (be) regular exercise and good eating habits.我们发现,这两个句子中,都缺少谓语动词,那么,所给动词就是谓语动词, 则本空就是考查动词的时态、语态,例2中,后面的时态是过去进行时,那么所给词catch就要用的一般过去时,前后才呼应,故答案是caught。注意这是一个不规则动词。例3中,后面一句的时态是一般过去时的被动语态,所给词是take,根据语境可知,这里也表示“被送往”,故答案是were taken。例4中,所给词是be,句子没有系动词,所以我们只需要考虑时态,语态,通过分

5、析句子,我们知道,主语是keys,时态是一般现在时,故答案是are。若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式,done形式,还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。如:(本题69)Lastly, it allowed me 69 (reflect) on the differences between my lifestyle and those in Paris, 本句中,谓语动词明显是allowed,“允许某人做某事”应用allow sb. to do sth.这一结构。这里就是考查的动词不定式。

6、现在,我们看看2019年高考新课标卷语法填空题非谓语动词都考了什么:(2019新课标卷,64,67). Modem methods _63(of/for)_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _64_ (perform) consistently over a large area. Scientists have responded by _67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(

7、聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68(higher)_ (high) than they actually are.64.【答案】to perform 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用to perform。 67.【答案】noting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。名词 如

8、果给出名词,多考虑变化其复数形式或形容词形式等。现在,我们看看2019年高考新课标卷语法填空题名词都考了什么:In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _65(have reported)_ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _66_ (believe) that populations are increasing.【答案】belief【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填belief。

9、形容词、副词 给出形容词,主要考查两个方面:变副词或变比较级、最高级; 给出副词,主要考查变比较级或最高级;现在,我们看看2019年高考新课标卷语法填空题形容词和副词都考了什么:It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Scienti

10、sts have responded by _67(noting)_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are.62.【答案】poorly 【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。 68.【答案】higher 【解

11、析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。代词 如果是人称代词,考虑其单复数形式,主格、宾格等;如果是物主代词,则要考虑是用名词性物主代词,还是形容词性物主代词等。接下来我们讲一下3个不给出提示词的考点: 不给词语填写限定词的时候,很可能是填介词,代词,冠词,助动词/情态动词,疑问副词,连词(连接并列句,复合句)等。现在,我们看看2019年高考新课标卷语法填空题不给提示词都考了什么:The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masse

12、s as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _64(to perform)_

13、(perform) consistently over a large area. Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70(are)_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.61.【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。 63.【答案】of/for 【解析】

14、考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of 连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。 69.【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。这些考点很多考的是固定搭配与常用句型,因此,熟记一些高考高频搭配和句型,对解题非常有帮助。如:常见搭配generally speaking 一般来说in terms of 就来说,从角度showin 带或领进来once mo

15、re 再一次in need of 需要regardless of 不管,不顾at most 至多,最多cut up 切碎fed up with 受够了,饱受,厌烦look ahead 向前看,为将来打算date back 追溯到等常考句型so/suchthat, it is (for sb.) to do sth.,there is no doubt that, there is no sense in doing sth.等这样的句型很多很多,不一一列举,希望同学们课下加以总结,经常背背。第一部分 有提示词题目的解题技巧有提示词题目是指使用括号中词语的正确形式填空这类题,近年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。专题一谓语动词【考点】谓语时态主动被动一般现在时do/doesam/is/are done现在完成时have/has donehave/has bee

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