《(第一讲)Benjamin_Franklinppt课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(第一讲)Benjamin_Franklinppt课件（45页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 Lecture1 ColonialPeriodtotheRevolution 1607 1800 BenjaminFranklin 1706 1790 Maincontents HistoricalbackgroundAmericanPuritanismBenjaminFranklin 1 Historicalbackground Originalinhabitants AmericanIndians 1492 12Oct ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredtheAmerica Intheearly16thC theothercolonistsarrived Span
2、ish French Dutch Swedes Germans Italians andPortuguese in1607 ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlement Jamestown Virginia byCapt JohnSmith In1620 PuritanscametotheNewEnglandarea byMayflowerandfoundPlymouthColony 普利茅斯殖民地 shipofMayflowerroastturkeyTheoriginofThanksgivingDay NewEngland 2 AmericanPuritanism W
3、hatisPuritan ThePuritanswereoriginallydevoutmembersofChurchofEnglandwhoadvocatedhighlyreligiousandmoralprinciple Theywishedto purify theirreligiousbelief tocleanuptheremainsoftheCatholicisminChurchofEnglandbybreakingfreefromit WhydidPuritanscometoAmerica toreformtheChurchofEnglandandestablishanentir
4、elynewchurch CharlesI 1603 toescapereligiousandpoliticaloppressionandpersecution togetgreatereconomyopportunityforlandandforadventure WhatisAmericanPuritanism PuritanismisthepracticesandreligiousbeliefsofpuritansinAmerica puritanideas piety 虔诚 humility 谦虚 serious 严肃 honest diligence hardworking 勤奋 t
5、hrift frugality 节俭 朴素 sobriety 节制 andascetic 禁欲的 opposepleasureandjoy favoredadisciplinedharshlife WhatarethefeaturesofPuritanism 1 Predestination 宿命论 Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred 2 Originalsin 原罪 Humanbeingswereborntobeevil InAdam sfall weallsin 3 Totaldepravity 彻底堕落 Humanity sabsolutec
6、orruptionsincetheFallofMan 4 Limitedatonement 有限救赎 orthesalvationofaselectedfew Onlythe elect canbesaved WhataretheinfluencesofPuritanismonAmericanthoughtandliterature 1 RootofAmericanSpirit piety hardwork thrift confidence couragetofacedifficulties individualism forgeahead 进取 optimistic Everytubmus
7、tstandonitsownbottom Everyoneisthearchitectofhisownfuture Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves 2 SourceofAmericanDream Toachievefreedom prosperityandsuccessthroughhonesthardwork Theabilitytorisefromragstorichesthroughhardwork lifeshouldbebetterandricherandfullerforeveryone withopportunityforeachaccordingt
8、oabilityorachievement JamesTruslowAdams BenjaminFranklin 1706 1790 TheprototypeoftheAmericanDream America sfirstself mademan ThefirstAmerican Ifyouwouldnotbeforgotten assoonasyouaredead rotten eitherwritethingsworthreading ordothingsworthwriting B Franklin AmericahasneverforgottenBenjaminFranklinbec
9、ausehedidboth Today wehonorBenFranklinasoneoftheFoundingFathersandasoneofAmerica sgreatestcitizens HeappearsontheAmerican100dollarbill writer statesman businessman scientist TheprototypeoftheAmericandream JackofAllTrades diplomat philanthropist慈善家 printer publisher Life Borninapoorcandlemaker sfamil
10、yof17childreninBoston NoregulareducationAge12 becameanapprentice 学徒 ofaprintertohishalf brother Age16 aneditorofanewspaperandpublishedlotsofessays Age17 wenttoPhiladelphiatomakehisownfortune Life Age42 becamefinanciallyindependentandretiredtodowhatheliked scienceliterature diplomacyetc read makescie
11、ntificexperimentsanddogoodtohisfellowmen Death FranklindiedonApril17 1790 atage84 Approximately20 000peopleattendedhisfuneral ThegraveofBenjaminFranklinPhiladelphia Pennyslvania MemorialmarblestatueInBenjaminFranklinNationalMemorial AmarblestatueofBenjaminFranklinstandsinBenjaminFranklinHighSchoolin
12、NewOrleans 1 Franklinstove 2 effectivestreetlighting 3 bifocalglasses双焦点眼镜 4 aminiatureprintingpress 5 efficientheatingdevices6 Amusicalinstrument an armonica 玻璃琴 Successasaninventorandscientist 7 lightning rod 避雷针 thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfirefromheaven 8 Thetheoriesofelectricity firstappliedthe
13、terms positive 正极 and negative 负极 toelectricalcharges Successasaninventorandscientist SuccessasadiplomatandstatesmanAidJeffersoninwritingTheDeclarationofIndependence SeekinghelpfromFranceinAmericanIndependentWar Successasawriter TheAutobiography 自传 PoorRichard sAlmanack 格言历书 ProverbsfromPoorRichard
14、sAlmanac Apennysavedisapennyearned 省一文赚一文 Earlytobed andearlytorise makesamanhealthy wealthy andwise Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves Bewareoflittleexpenses asmallleakwillleakagreatship Eattolive andnotlivetoeat Beslowinchoosingafriend slowerinchanging Losttimeisneverfoundagain Life stragedyisthatwegr
15、owoldtoosoon andwisetoolate 2 Autobiography Franklinwrotethisbookwhenhewas65yearsold It sarecordofhisrisingtowealthandfamefromastateofpovertyandobscurity 身份低微 Writingofthebook In1771 attheageof65 BenjaminFranklinsatdowntowritehisautobiography Theworktakesabout20years from1771to1790 Theaccountiswritt
16、eninfourparts writtenatfourdifferenttimes reflectinghislifeinthedifferentperiods Contents PartOnewaswrittenin1771inEngland alettertohisson coveringhislifebeforetheageof25 hisshortschoolinghisapprenticeshipthedevelopmentofhisprintingbusinessandhismarriageetc Contents PartTwowaswrittenin1784atPassy asuburbofParis givingamoredetailedaccountofhisactivitiesinpublicaffairs Helistedhis13virtueshewishestoperfectinhimself Contents PartThree 1788 PartFour 1789 1790 finishedinPhiladelphia describinghislife
